Open wiki owiki http://kawbtpskqu7rr3t6ecz4fyutpzq7jtblin3wv5vamneryu4nwenhkgyd.onion//mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page MediaWiki 1.39.4 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Open wiki Open wiki talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk 0 1 1 2018-12-26T10:27:26Z MediaWiki default 0 wikitext text/x-wiki <strong>MediaWiki has been installed.</strong> Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language] * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki] 71692120f6b6a147f9d3ce9d8e7cafc7e797f8c5 2 1 2018-12-26T10:42:39Z Admin 1 wikitext text/x-wiki <strong>a wiki open for all topics</strong> this wiki is open for anyone, who wants to share informations and knowledge on any topic. To start create an account and start sharing. If the usage of this wiki is not knoen to you, consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] b5cf9d10dd0eff7fc136d15392030dbd1354e38e 17 2 2019-03-20T05:38:50Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki <strong>a wiki open for all topics</strong> this wiki is open for anyone, who wants to share informations and knowledge on any topic. To start create an account and start sharing. If the usage of this wiki is not known to you, consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide]for information on using the wiki software. An open wiki for all is a cool idea. Here we can collect all the stuff which will be needed to survive the coming collapse of civilisation and which is, or will be in next time, censored by our AI driven governments. == Getting started == * [//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] 3befd728358377c41fa799bed75f2d1cdc48e1cc 0 2 3 2019-01-24T08:21:29Z B00m 2 Created page with "{{other uses}} {{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 458775807 | ImageFileL1 = Trinitrotoluene.svg | ImageFileR1 = TNT-from-xtal-198..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses}} {{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 458775807 | ImageFileL1 = Trinitrotoluene.svg | ImageFileR1 = TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png | ImageFile2 = TNT Crystals2.jpg | ImageSize2 = | ImageAlt2 = solid trinitrotoluene | PIN = 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene | OtherNames = 2,4,6-Trinitromethylbenzene<br />2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene<br />2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol<br />TNT, Tolite, Trilite, Trinitrotoluol, Trinol, Tritolo, Tritolol, Triton, Tritone, Trotol, Trotyl |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | Abbreviations = TNT | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 8073 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1236345 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = H43RF5TRM5 | InChI1 = 1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-2-3-5(8(11)12)7(10(15)16)6(4)9(13)14/h2-3H,1H3 | InChIKey1 = FPKOPBFLPLFWAD-UHFFFAOYAR | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 118-96-7 | UNNumber = [[List of UN Numbers 0201 to 0300|0209]] – ''Dry or wetted with < 30% water''<br />[[List of UN Numbers 0301 to 0400|0388, 0389]] – ''Mixtures with trinitrobenzene, hexanitrostilbene'' | EINECS = 204-289-6 | PubChem = 11763 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB01676 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N | SMILES = Cc1c(cc(cc1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] | InChI = 1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3 | RTECS = XU0175000 | MeSHName = | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} | KEGG = C16391 }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=7 | H=5 | N=3 | O=6 | Appearance = Pale yellow solid. Loose "needles", flakes or [[prill]]s before melt-[[casting]]. A solid block after being poured into a casing. | Density = 1.654 g/cm³ | MeltingPtC = 80.35 | MeltingPt_notes = | BoilingPtC = 240.0 | BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes)<ref>[http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0967.htm 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene]. inchem.org</ref> | Solubility = 0.13 g/L (20 °C) | SolubleOther = soluble | Solvent = [[ether]], [[acetone]], [[benzene]], [[pyridine]] | pKa = | pKb = | VaporPressure = 0.0002 mmHg (20°C)<ref name=PGCH/> }} |Section4={{Chembox Explosive | ShockSens = Insensitive | FrictionSens = Insensitive to 353 N | DetonationV = 6900 m/s | REFactor = 1.00 }} |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0967.htm ICSC 0967] | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 4 | NFPA-R = 4 | NFPA-S = | GHSPictograms = {{GHS exploding bomb}} {{GHS skull and crossbones}} {{GHS health hazard}} {{GHS environment}} | GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER''' | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|201|301|311|331|373|411}} | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|273|309+311|370+380|373|501}} | FlashPtC = | AutoignitionPtC = | ExploLimits = | PEL = TWA 1.5 mg/m³ [skin]<ref name=PGCH/> | IDLH = 500 mg/m³<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0641}}</ref> | REL = TWA 0.5 mg/m³ [skin]<ref name=PGCH/> | LD50 = 795 mg/kg (rat, oral)<br/>660 (mouse, oral)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|118967|2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene}}</ref> | LDLo = 500 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)<br/>1850 mg/kg (cat, oral)<ref name=IDLH/> }} |Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherCompounds = [[picric acid]]<br>[[hexanitrobenzene]]<br>[[2,4-Dinitrotoluene]]}} |Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology | ATCCode_prefix = | ATCCode_suffix = | ATC_Supplemental = }} }} '''Trinitrotoluene''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|r|aɪ|ˌ|n|aɪ|t|r|oʊ|ˈ|t|ɒ|lj|u|iː|n}};{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene}}}}{{refn|{{Dictionary.com|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene}}}} '''TNT'''), or more specifically '''2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene''', is a [[chemical compound]] with the formula C₆H₂(NO₂)₃CH₃. This yellow solid is sometimes used as a [[reagent]] in chemical synthesis, but it is best known as an [[explosive material]] with convenient handling properties. The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the [[TNT equivalent|standard measure]] of [[bombs]] and the power of [[explosives]]. In chemistry, TNT is used to generate [[Charge transfer complex|charge transfer salts]]. == History == [[File:Trinitrotoluen.JPG|thumb|right|Chunks of explosives-grade TNT]] [[File:Tání TNT při 81 °C.JPG|thumbnail|Trinitrotoluene melting at {{convert|81|C|F}}]] [[Image:USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg|thumb|right|[[M107 projectile|M107]] artillery shells. All are labelled to indicate a filling of “[[Composition B|Comp B]]” (mixture of TNT and [[RDX]]) and have [[fuze]]s fitted]] [[File:TNT Allocations Germany.gif|thumb|Analysis of TNT production by branch of the German army between 1941 and the first quarter of 1944 shown in thousands of tons per month]] [[File:TNT detonation on Kahoolawe Island during Operation Sailoir Hat, sjot Bravo, 1965.jpg|thumb|[[Detonation]] of the 500-ton TNT explosive charge as part of [[Operation Sailor Hat]] in 1965. The white blast-wave is visible on the water surface and a [[Wilson cloud|shock condensation cloud]] is visible overhead.]] TNT was first prepared in 1863 by German chemist [[Julius Wilbrand]]<ref>{{cite journal|year=1863|title=Notiz über Trinitrotoluol|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmgTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA178|journal=[[Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie]]|volume=128|issue=2|pages=178–179|doi=10.1002/jlac.18631280206|author=Wilbrand, J.}}</ref> and originally used as a yellow dye. Its potential as an explosive was not recognized for several years, mainly because it was so difficult to detonate and because it was less powerful than alternatives. Its explosive properties were first discovered by another German chemist, Carl Häussermann, in 1891.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter O. K. Krehl|title=History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact: A Chronological and Biographical Reference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmuqCHDC3pwC&pg=PA404|year=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-30421-0|page=404}}</ref> TNT can be safely poured when liquid into shell cases, and is so insensitive that it was exempted from the UK's [[History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom|Explosives Act 1875]] and was not considered an explosive for the purposes of manufacture and storage.<ref name="brown">{{Cite book|title=The Big Bang: a History of Explosives|publisher=Sutton Publishing|year=1998|isbn=978-0-7509-1878-7|pages=151–153|author=Brown GI}}</ref> The German armed forces adopted it as a filling for [[artillery]] [[shell (projectile)|shells]] in 1902. TNT-filled [[armour-piercing]] shells would explode after they had penetrated the armour of British [[capital ships]], whereas the British [[Picric acid|Lyddite]]-filled shells tended to explode upon striking armour, thus expending much of their energy outside the ship.<ref name="brown"/> The British started replacing [[Picric acid|Lyddite]] with TNT in 1907. The [[United States Navy]] continued filling [[armor-piercing]] shells with [[explosive D]] after some other nations had switched to TNT, but began filling [[naval mine]]s, [[bomb]]s, [[depth charge]]s, and [[torpedo]] warheads with burster charges of crude ''grade B'' TNT with the color of brown sugar and requiring an [[explosive booster]] charge of granular crystallized ''grade A'' TNT for detonation. High-explosive shells were filled with ''grade A'' TNT, which became preferred for other uses as industrial chemical capacity became available for removing [[xylene]] and similar [[hydrocarbon]]s from the toluene feedstock and other [[nitrotoluene]] [[Isomers Have Distinct Characteristics|isomer]] byproducts from the nitrating reactions.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Naval Ordnance|publisher=Lord Baltimore Press|year=1921|pages=49–52|author=Fairfield AP}}</ref> == Preparation == In industry, TNT is produced in a three-step process. First, [[toluene]] is [[nitration|nitrated]] with a mixture of [[sulfuric acid|sulfuric]] and [[nitric acid]] to produce [[mononitrotoluene]] (MNT). The MNT is separated and then renitrated to [[dinitrotoluene]] (DNT). In the final step, the DNT is nitrated to trinitrotoluene (TNT) using an [[anhydrous]] mixture of nitric acid and [[oleum]]. Nitric acid is consumed by the manufacturing process, but the diluted sulfuric acid can be reconcentrated and reused. After nitration, TNT is stabilized by a process called sulfitation, where the crude TNT is treated with aqueous sodium sulfite solution to remove less stable isomers of TNT and other undesired reaction products. The rinse water from sulfitation is known as [[Pink water|red water]] and is a significant pollutant and waste product of TNT manufacture.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chemistry and Technology of Explosives|publisher=Pergamon Press|year=1964|isbn=978-0-08-010238-2|volume=1|pages=389–91|author=Urbanski T}} </ref> Control of [[nitrogen oxide]]s in feed nitric acid is very important because free [[nitrogen dioxide]] can result in oxidation of the methyl group of toluene. This reaction is highly [[exothermic]] and carries with it the risk of a runaway reaction leading to an explosion. In the laboratory, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is produced by a two-step process. A nitrating mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids is used to nitrate toluene to a mixture of mono- and di-nitrotoluene isomers, with careful cooling to maintain temperature. The nitrated toluenes are then separated, washed with dilute [[sodium bicarbonate]] to remove oxides of nitrogen, and then carefully nitrated with a mixture of [[fuming nitric acid]] and sulfuric acid. Towards the end of the nitration, the mixture is heated on a steam bath. The trinitrotoluene is separated, washed with a dilute solution of [[sodium sulfite]] and then [[Recrystallization (chemistry)|recrystallized]] from alcohol. == Applications == TNT is one of the most commonly used explosives for military, industrial, and mining applications. TNT has been used in conjunction with [[hydraulic fracturing]], a process used to recover oil and gas from shale formations. The technique involves displacing and detonating nitroglycerin in hydraulically induced fractures followed by wellbore shots using pelletized TNT.<ref name="recovery">{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=J. S.|last2=Johansen|first2=R. T.|date=1976 |title= Fracturing Oil Shale with Explosives for In Situ Recovery. |journal=Shale Oil, Tar Sand and Related Fuel Sources |format=PDF |pages=151|url=https://web.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprint%20archive/Files/19_2_LOS%20ANGELES_04-74__0060.pdf |accessdate=27 March 2015|bibcode=1976sots.rept...98M}}</ref> TNT is valued partly because of its insensitivity to shock and friction, with reduced risk of accidental [[detonation]] compared to more sensitive explosives such as [[nitroglycerin]]. TNT melts at 80&nbsp;°C (176&nbsp;°F), far below the temperature at which it will spontaneously detonate, allowing it to be poured or safely combined with other explosives. TNT neither absorbs nor dissolves in water, which allows it to be used effectively in wet environments. To detonate, TNT must be triggered by a pressure wave from a starter explosive, called an [[explosive booster]]. Although blocks of TNT are available in various sizes (e.g. 250&nbsp;g, 500&nbsp;g, 1,000&nbsp;g), it is more commonly encountered in [[synergistic]] explosive blends comprising a variable percentage of TNT plus other ingredients. Examples of explosive blends containing TNT include: * [[Amatex]]: ([[ammonium nitrate]] and [[RDX]])<ref>{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-85177-329-2 | page = 100 | author = Campbell J | year = 1985 | publisher = Conway Maritime Press | location = London | title = Naval weapons of World War Two}}</ref> * [[Amatol]]: (ammonium nitrate<ref>{{cite book | location = Washington, D.C. | title = U.S. Explosive Ordnance, Bureau of Ordnance | year = 1947 | publisher = U.S. Department of the Navy | url = http://www.maritime.org/doc/ordnance/index.htm | pages = 580 }}</ref>) * [[Ammonal]]: (ammonium nitrate and aluminium powder plus sometimes charcoal). * [[Baratol (explosive)|Baratol]]: ([[barium nitrate]] and wax<ref name="Explosives - Compounds">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/explosives-compositions.htm Explosives – Compounds<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) * [[Composition B]] (RDX and paraffin wax<ref>Military Specification MIL-C-401</ref>) * [[Composition H6]] * [[Cyclotol]] (RDX)<ref>{{cite book |author = Cooper PW | year = 1996 | title = Explosives Engineering | publisher = Wiley-VCH | isbn = 978-0-471-18636-6}}</ref> * [[Ednatol]] * [[Hexanite]]<ref>DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/explosives-list.htm GlobalSecurity.org] Retrieved 2011-12-02</ref> ([[hexanitrodiphenylamine]]<ref>[http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_torpedoes_mines.htm &#91;secondary source&#93; webpages:submarine torpedo explosive] Retrieved 2011-12-02</ref><ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/39682972/Encyclopedia-of-Explosives-A-Compilation-of-Principal-Explosives-Their-Characteristics-Processes-of-Manufacture-And-Uses-USA-1960 ''scribd.com'' website showing copy of a North American Intelligence document see:page 167] Retrieved 2011-12-02</ref>) * [[Minol (explosive)|Minol]] * [[Octol]] * [[Pentolite]] * [[Picratol]] * [[Tetrytol]] * [[Torpex]] * [[Tritonal]] == Explosive character == Upon [[detonation]], TNT decomposes as follows: : 2 C₇H₅N₃O₆ → 3 N₂ + 5 H₂O + 7 CO + 7 C : 2 C₇H₅N₃O₆ → 3 N₂ + 5 H₂ + 12 CO + 2 C The reaction is [[exothermic]] but has a high [[activation energy]] in the gas phase (~62 kcal/mol). The condensed phases (solid or liquid) show markedly lower activation energies of roughly 35 kcal/mol due to unique bimolecular decomposition routes at elevated densities.<ref>Furman et al. (2014), Decomposition of Condensed Phase Energetic Materials: Interplay between Uni- and Bimolecular Mechanisms, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136 (11), pp 4192–4200. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja410020f</ref> Because of the production of [[carbon]], TNT explosions have a sooty appearance. Because TNT has an excess of carbon, explosive mixtures with oxygen-rich compounds can yield more energy per kilogram than TNT alone. During the 20th century, [[amatol]], a mixture of TNT with [[ammonium nitrate]] was a widely used military explosive. TNT can be detonated with a high velocity initiator or by efficient concussion.<ref>''[[Merck Index]]'', 13th Edition, '''9801'''</ref> For many years, TNT used to be the reference point for the [[Figure of Insensitivity]]. TNT had a rating of exactly 100 on the "F of I" scale. The reference has since been changed to a more sensitive explosive called [[RDX]], which has an F of I rating of 80. == Energy content == {{See also|TNT equivalent}} [[File:British 20 mm Oerlikon shell diagrams.jpg|right|thumb|Cross-sectional view of [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]] shells (dating from circa 1945) showing color codes for TNT and [[pentolite]] fillings]] The heat of detonation utilized by [[NIST]] is 4184 J/g (4.184 MJ/kg).<ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html NIST Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI): Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically]</ref> The energy density of TNT is used as a reference point for many other explosives, including nuclear weapons, the energy content of which is measured in equivalent kilotons (~4.184 [[tera-|terajoules]]) or megatons (~4.184 [[peta-|peta]][[joules]]) of TNT. The heat of combustion is 14.5 [[mega-|mega]][[joules]] per kilogram, which requires that some of the carbon in TNT react with atmospheric oxygen, which does not occur in the initial event.<ref name=babrauskas>{{cite book |last1= Babrauskas|first1=Vytenis |title= Ignition Handbook |year=2003 |publisher=Fire Science Publishers/Society of Fire Protection Engineers |location=Issaquah, WA|isbn=978-0-9728111-3-2 |page=453}}</ref> For comparison, [[gunpowder]] contains 3 megajoules per kilogram, [[dynamite]] contains 7.5 megajoules per kilogram, and [[gasoline]] contains 47.2 megajoules per kilogram (though gasoline requires an [[oxidizing agent|oxidant]], so an optimized gasoline and O₂ mixture contains 10.4 megajoules per kilogram). == Detection == Various methods can be used to detect TNT, including optical and [[Electrochemical gas sensor|electrochemical]] sensors and [[Explosive-sniffing dog|explosive-sniffing dogs.]] In 2013, researchers from the [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] using [[Noble metal|noble-metal]] quantum clusters could detect TNT at the sub-[[zeptomolar]] (10⁻¹⁸ mol/m³) level.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Grad|first=Paul|title=Quantum clusters serve as ultra-sensitive detectors|journal=Chemical Engineering|date=April 2013|url=http://www.chemengonline.com/quantum-clusters-serve-as-ultra-sensitive-detectors/}}</ref> == Safety and toxicity == TNT is poisonous, and skin contact can cause skin irritation, causing the skin to turn a bright yellow-orange color. During the [[World War I|First World War]], munition workers who handled the chemical found that their skin turned bright yellow, which resulted in their acquiring the nickname "[[canary girls]]" or simply "canaries." People exposed to TNT over a prolonged period tend to experience [[anemia]] and abnormal [[liver]] functions. [[Blood]] and liver effects, [[spleen]] enlargement and other harmful effects on the [[immune system]] have also been found in animals that ingested or breathed trinitrotoluene. There is evidence that TNT adversely affects male [[fertility]].<ref>[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp81.pdf Toxicological Profile for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene]. atsdr.cdc.gov</ref> TNT is listed as a possible human [[carcinogen]], with carcinogenic effects demonstrated in animal experiments (rat), although effects upon humans so far amount to none [according to IRIS of March 15, 2000].<ref>[http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@na+@rel+Trinitrotoluene from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) ''within the'' NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Trinitrotoluene]</ref> Consumption of TNT produces red [[urine]] through the presence of breakdown products and not blood as sometimes believed.<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = [[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]] | title=2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp81-c2.pdf | accessdate = 2010-05-17}}</ref> Some military testing grounds are contaminated with TNT. [[Wastewater]] from munitions programs including contamination of surface and [[groundwater|subsurface waters]] may be colored pink because of the presence of TNT. Such contamination, called "[[pink water]]", may be difficult and expensive to [[Environmental remediation|remedy]]. TNT is prone to [[exudation]] of [[dinitrotoluene]]s and other isomers of trinitrotoluene. Even small quantities of such impurities can cause such effect. The effect shows especially in [[shell (projectile)|projectiles]] containing TNT and stored at higher temperatures, e.g. during summer. Exudation of impurities leads to formation of pores and cracks (which in turn cause increased shock sensitivity). Migration of the exudated liquid into the [[fuze]] screw thread can form ''fire channels'', increasing the risk of accidental detonations; fuze malfunction can result from the liquids migrating into its mechanism.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tIQDn2uZz4C&pg=PA11|title=The Chemistry of Explosives|date=2004|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|isbn=978-0-85404-640-9|pages=11–|author=Akhavan J}}</ref> [[Calcium silicate]] is mixed with TNT to mitigate the tendency towards exudation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islandgroup.com/military/explosives_additives.php |title=Explosive & Propellant Additives|work=islandgroup.com}}</ref> == Ecological impact == Because of its use in construction and demolition, TNT has become the most widely used explosive, and thus its toxicity is the most characterized and reported. Residual TNT from manufacture, storage, and use can pollute water, soil, [[atmosphere]], and [[biosphere]]. The concentration of TNT in contaminated soil can reach 50 g/kg of soil, where the highest concentrations can be found on or near the surface. In Sept. of 2001, the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (USEPA) declared TNT a pollutant whose removal is priority.<ref name="Esteve-Nunez_2001">{{cite journal|year=2001|title=Biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene|journal=Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.|volume=65|issue=3|pages=335–52, table of contents|doi=10.1128/MMBR.65.3.335-352.2001|pmc=99030|pmid=11527999|vauthors=Esteve-Núñez A, Caballero A, Ramos JL}}</ref> The USEPA maintains that TNT levels in soil should not exceed 17.2 gram per kilogram of soil and 0.01 milligrams per liter of water.<ref name="Ayoub_2010">{{cite journal|year=2010|title=Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal: A review|journal=J. Hazard. Mater.|volume=178|issue=1–3|pages=10–28|doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.042|pmid=20347218|vauthors=Ayoub K, van Hullebusch ED, Cassir M, Bermond A}}</ref> === Aqueous solubility === [[Dissolution (chemistry)|Dissolution]] is a measure of the rate that solid TNT in contact with water is dissolved. The relatively low [[Solubility|aqueous solubility]] of TNT causes the dissolution of solid particles to be continuously released to the environment over extended periods of time.<ref name="Pichtel_2012">{{cite journal|date=2012|title=Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil: A Review|journal=Applied and Environmental Soil Science|volume=2012|pages=1–33|doi=10.1155/2012/617236|author=Pichte J}}</ref> Studies have shown that the TNT dissolved slower in saline water than in freshwater. However, when salinity was altered, TNT dissolved at the same speed (Figure 2).<ref name="pmid15757688">{{cite journal|year=2005|title=Comparison of environmental fate and transport process descriptors of explosives in saline and freshwater systems|journal=Mar. Pollut. Bull.|volume=50|issue=3|pages=247–51|doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.008|pmid=15757688|vauthors=Brannon JM, Price CB, Yost SL, Hayes C, Porter B}}</ref> Because TNT is moderately soluble in water, it can migrate through subsurface soil, and cause [[groundwater]] contamination.<ref name="pmid12187997">{{cite journal|year=2002|title=Detection of explosives and their degradation products in soil environments|journal=J Chromatogr A|volume=963|issue=1–2|pages=411–8|doi=|pmid=12187997|vauthors=Halasz A, Groom C, Zhou E, Paquet L, Beaulieu C, Deschamps S, Corriveau A, Thiboutot S, Ampleman G, Dubois C, Hawari J}}</ref> === Soil adsorption === [[Adsorption]] is a measure of the distribution between soluble and sediment adsorbed contaminants following attainment of equilibrium. TNT and its transformation products are known to adsorb to surface soils and sediments, where they undergo reactive transformation or remained stored.<ref name="pmid19329139">{{cite journal|year=2009|title=A time series investigation of the stability of nitramine and nitroaromatic explosives in surface water samples at ambient temperature|journal=Chemosphere|volume=76|issue=1|pages=1–8|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.050|pmid=19329139|vauthors=Douglas TA, Johnson L, Walsh M, Collins C|bibcode=2009Chmsp..76....1D}}</ref> The movement or organic contaminants through soils is a function of their ability to associate with the mobile phase (water) and a stationary phase (soil). Materials that associate strongly with soils move slowly through soil. Materials that associate strongly with water move through water with rates approaching that of ground water movement. The association constant for TNT with a soil is 2.7 to 11 liters per kilogram of soil.<ref name="Haderlein_1996">{{cite journal|date=January 1996|title=Specific Adsorption of Nitroaromatic Explosives and Pesticides to Clay Minerals|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=30|issue=2|pages=612–622|doi=10.1021/es9503701|vauthors=Haderlein SB, Weissmahr KW, Schwarzenbach RP|bibcode=1996EnST...30..612H}}</ref> This means that TNT has a one- to tenfold tendency to adhere to soil particulates than not when introduced into the soil.<ref name = "Pichtel_2012"/> [[Hydrogen bonding]] and [[ion exchange]] are two suggested mechanisms of adsorption between the nitro functional groups and soil colloids. The number of [[functional group]]s on TNT influences the ability to adsorb into soil. Adsorption coefficient values have been shown to increase with an increase in the number of amino groups. Thus, adsorption of the TNT decomposition product 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) was greater than that for 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), which was greater than that for TNT.<ref name = "Pichtel_2012"/> Lower adsorption coefficients for 2,6-DNT compared to 2,4-DNT can be attributed to the [[Steric effects|steric]] hindrance of the NO₃ group in the [[Arene substitution pattern|ortho position]]. Research has shown that in freshwater environments, with a high abundances of Ca²⁺, the adsorption of TNT and its transformation products to soils and sediments may be lower than observed in a saline environment, dominated by K⁺ and Na⁺. Therefore, when considering the adsorption of TNT, the type of soil or sediment and the ionic composition and strength of the ground water are important factors.<ref name="Pennington_2002">{{cite journal|date=February 2002|title=Environmental fate of explosives|journal=Thermochimica Acta|volume=384|issue=1–2|pages=163–172|doi=10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00801-2|vauthors=Pennington JC, Brannon JM}}</ref> The association constants for TNT and its degradation products with clays have been determined. Clay minerals have a significant effect on the adsorption of energetic compounds. Soil properties, such as organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity had significant impacts of the adsorption coefficients reported in the table below. Additional studies have shown that the mobility of TNT degradation products is likely to be lower “than TNT in subsurface environments where specific adsorption to clay minerals dominates the sorption process.”<ref name = "Pennington_2002"/> Thus, the mobility of TNT and its transformation products are dependent on the characteristics of the sorbent.<ref name = "Pennington_2002"/> The mobility of TNT in groundwater and soil has been extrapolated from “sorption and desorption [[Isothermal process|isotherm models]] determined with [[humic acids]], in aquifer sediments, and soils”.<ref name = "Pennington_2002"/> From these models, it is predicted that TNT has a low retention and transports readily in the environment.<ref name = "Esteve-Nunez_2001"/> Compared to other explosives, TNT has a higher association constant with soil, meaning it adheres more with soil than with water. Conversely, other explosives, such as [[RDX]] and [[HMX]] with low association constants (ranging from 0.06 to 7.3 L/kg and 0 to 1.6 L/kg respectively) can move more rapidly in water.<ref name = "Pichtel_2012"/> === Chemical breakdown === TNT is a reactive molecule and is particularly prone to react with reduced components of sediments or [[photodegradation]] in the presence of sunlight. TNT is thermodynamically and kinetically capable of reacting with a wide number of components of many environmental systems. This includes wholly abiotic reactants, like [[photons]], [[hydrogen sulfide]], [[ferrous|Fe²⁺]], or microbial communities, both oxic and anoxic. Soils with high clay contents or small particle sizes and high [[Total organic carbon|total organic carbon content]] have been shown to promote TNT transformation. Possible TNT transformations include [[Reduction reaction|reduction]] of one, two, or three nitro-moieties to amines and coupling of amino transformation products to form [[dimer (chemistry)|dimer]]s. Formation of the two monoamino transformation products, 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT are energetically favored, and therefore are observed in contaminated soils and ground water. The diamino products are energetically less favorable, and even less likely are the triamino products. The transformation of TNT is significantly enhanced under anaerobic conditions as well as under highly reducing conditions. TNT transformations in soils can occur both biologically and abiotically.<ref name = "Pennington_2002"/> [[Photolysis]] is a major process that impacts the transformation of energetic compounds. The alteration of a molecule in photolysis occurs in the presence of direct absorption of light energy by the transfer of energy from a photosensitized compound. Phototransformation of TNT “results in the formation of [[nitrobenzene]]s, [[benzaldehyde]]s, azodicarboxylic acids, and [[nitrophenol]]s, as a result of the [[oxidation]] of [[methyl group]]s, reduction of [[nitro compound|nitro groups]], and dimer formation.”<ref name = "Pichtel_2012"/> Evidence of the photolysis of TNT has been seen due to the color change to pink of the wastewaters when exposed to sunlight. Photolysis was more rapid in river water than in distilled water. Ultimately, photolysis affects the fate of TNT primarily in the aquatic environment but could also affect the reaction when exposed to sunlight on the soil surface.<ref name = "Pennington_2002"/> === Biodegradation === The ligninolytic physiological phase and manganese peroxidase system of fungi can cause a very limited amount of mineralization of TNT in a liquid culture; though not in soil. An organism capable of the remediation of large amounts of TNT in soil has yet to be discovered.<ref name="pmid11131384">{{cite journal|year=2000|title=Microbial degradation of explosives: biotransformation versus mineralization|journal=Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.|volume=54|issue=5|pages=605–18|doi=10.1007/s002530000445|pmid=11131384|vauthors=Hawari J, Beaudet S, Halasz A, Thiboutot S, Ampleman G}}</ref> Both wild and transgenic plants can [[Phytoremediation|phytoremediate]] explosives from soil and water.<ref name="pmid22996005">{{cite journal|year=2012|title=Phytoremediation of explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX) by wild-type and transgenic plants|url=|journal=J. Environ. Manage.|volume=113|issue=|pages=85–92|doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.016|pmid=22996005|vauthors=Panz K, Miksch K}}</ref> == See also == * [[TNT equivalent]] * [[RE factor]] * [[List of explosives used during World War II]] * [[Dynamite]] * [[IMX-101]] * [[Table of explosive detonation velocities]] * [[Phlegmatized]] * [[Environmental fate of TNT]] == References == {{Reflist|35em}} == External links == {{commons category|Trinitrotoluene}} * [http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_dynamite.htm Dynamite and TNT] at ''[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]'' (University of Nottingham) * [http://www.sonicbomb.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=126 free software website ''sonicbomb.com'' containing a video bank and additionally pages for discussion of nuclear device testing] Video showing detonation [Published on 2005-12-20] : [[Operation Blowdown]] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb3y6m-buco ''youtube.com'' video] showing the shockwave and typical black smoke cloud from detonation of 160 kilograms of pure TNT * [http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=0d2_1198134994 ''liveleak.com'' video] of demolition training using half pound blocks of pure TNT * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0641.html CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Explosive chemicals]] [[Category:Immunotoxins]] [[Category:Nitrotoluenes]] 962e51f64e657a0e78c1c104b23caca0a3bdb402 6 3 4 2019-01-24T08:29:02Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 4 5 2019-01-24T08:29:44Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 5 6 2019-01-24T08:30:45Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 6 7 2019-01-24T08:31:19Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 7 8 2019-01-24T08:31:41Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 8 9 2019-01-24T08:33:01Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 9 10 2019-01-24T09:32:07Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 10 11 2019-01-24T09:32:46Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 11 12 2019-01-24T09:33:05Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 12 13 2019-01-24T09:33:25Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 13 14 2019-01-24T10:15:55Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 16 14 2019-01-25T05:50:08Z B00m 2 B00m uploaded a new version of [[File:Trinitrotoluen.JPG]] wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 14 15 2019-01-25T05:35:53Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 15 18 2019-03-20T05:47:05Z B00m 2 Created page with "[[File:Talvisota Molotov Cocktail.PNG|thumb|200px|A Finnish soldier with a Molotov cocktail in the 1939-40 [[Winter War]].]] The '''Molotov cocktail''', also known as a '''Pe..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Talvisota Molotov Cocktail.PNG|thumb|200px|A Finnish soldier with a Molotov cocktail in the 1939-40 [[Winter War]].]] The '''Molotov cocktail''', also known as a '''Petrol Bomb''', '''Fire Bomb '''(not to be confused with the actual [[Firebombing|Fire Bomb]]) or just '''Molotov''' is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based [[Improvised explosive device|improvised]] [[Incendiary device|incendiary weapons]]. Due to the relative ease of production, they are frequently used by amateur [[protest]]ers and non-professionally equipped fighters in [[urban guerrilla warfare]]. They are primarily intended to set targets ablaze rather than instantly destroy them. The name "Molotov cocktail" was coined by the Finns during the [[Winter War]].<ref name="online">Online Etymology Dictionary: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/molotov+cocktail ''Molotov cocktail'']. Douglas Harper, 2010.</ref> The name is an insulting reference to [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)|Soviet foreign minister]] Vyacheslav Molotov, who was responsible for the partitioning of Finland with [[Nazi Germany]] under the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact]] in August 1939. The pact with the Nazis bearing Molotov's name, which secretly stated the Soviet intention to invade Finland in November 1939, was widely mocked by the Finns, as well as much of the propaganda Molotov produced to accompany it, including his declaration on Soviet state radio that bombing missions over Finland were actually airborne humanitarian food deliveries for their starving neighbors. The Finns, far from starving and engaged in a bitter war for national survival with the Soviet forces, sarcastically dubbed the Soviet [[cluster bombs]] "[[Molotov bread basket]]s" in reference to Molotov's propaganda broadcasts. When the hand-held bottle firebomb was developed to attack Soviet tanks, the Finns called it the "Molotov cocktail", as "a drink to go with the food".<ref>The Second Book of General Ignorance, Faber and Faber, 2010, p.76, ISBN 978-0-571-26965-5</ref> Molotov himself despised the name, particularly as the term became ubiquitous and genericized as Soviets faced increasing numbers of cocktail-throwing protestors in the Eastern Bloc in the years after World War II.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sebag-Montefiore, Simon|title=Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar|publisher=[[Vintage Books]]|year=2005|page=335|isbn=1-4000-7678-1|ref=CITEREFMontefiore2005|authorlink=Simon Sebag-Montefiore}}</ref> ==Recipe== A Molotov cocktail is a breakable glass bottle containing a flammable substance such as gasoline/petrol or a [[napalm]]-like mixture, with some motor oil added, and usually a source of ignition such as a burning cloth [[Capillary action|wick]] held in place by the bottle's stopper. The wick is usually soaked in alcohol or kerosene, rather than gasoline. In action, the wick is lit and the bottle hurled at a target such as a vehicle or fortification. When the bottle smashes on impact, the ensuing cloud of petrol droplets and vapour ignites, causing an immediate [[Explosion|fireball]] followed by a raging fire as the remainder of the fuel is consumed. Another method is to place a reactive substance in with the gasoline, and treat the label or wrapper paper with another chemical; when the bottle ruptures, the two chemicals mix and ignite; this is safer to handle if done properly, and does not betray the thrower with a visible flame prior to the throw. A far superior version can be produced by substituting [[carbon disulfide]] for the gasoline and saturating this solvent with [[white phosphorus]] and sulfur. The mixture will automatically ignite on exposure to air. Care must be taken to avoid the use of rubber stoppers for the bottles, as carbon disulfide readily dissolves rubber. Other flammable liquids such as diesel fuel, [[methanol]], turpentine and [[E85]] have been used in place of or with gasoline. Thickening agents such as Styrofoam, baking soda, tar, strips of tyre tubing, blood, [[Polystyrene#Extruded polystyrene foam|XPS foam]], egg whites, [[motor oil]], [[rubber cement]], and dish soap have been added to help the burning liquid adhere to the target and create clouds of thick, choking smoke.<ref name="Rottman 2010">{{cite book|last=Rottman|first=Gordon L.|title=World War II Allied Sabotage Devices and Booby Traps|year=2010|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84908-175-7|page=18}}</ref> ==Development and use in war== ===Spanish Civil War=== Improvised incendiary devices were used for the first time in the [[Spanish Civil War]] between July 1936 and April 1939,<ref>Thomas, Hugh (1994). ''The Spanish Civil War''. Simon & Schuster, p. 468. ISBN 0-671-75876-4</ref> before they became known as "Molotov cocktails". In 1936, [[General]] [[Francisco Franco]] ordered [[Spanish Nationalists]] to use the weapon against Soviet [[T-26 tank]]s supporting the [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republicans]] in a failed assault on the Nationalist stronghold of [[Seseña]], near Toledo, {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Madrid.<ref>[http://www.kevos4.com/Molotov_Cocktail.htm History of the Molotov cocktail]</ref> After that, both sides used simple petrol bombs or petrol-soaked [[blanket]]s with some success. [[Tom Wintringham]], a veteran of the [[International Brigade]]s, later publicised his recommended method of using them: {{quote|We made use of "petrol bombs" roughly as follows: take a 2lb glass jam jar. Fill with petrol. Take a heavy curtain, half a blanket, or some other heavy material. Wrap this over the mouth of the jar, tie it round the neck with string, leave the ends of the material hanging free. When you want to use it have somebody standing by with a light [i.e., a source of ignition]. Put a corner of the material down in front of you, turn the bottle over so that petrol soaks out round the mouth of the bottle and drips on to this corner of the material. Turn the bottle right way up again, hold it in your right hand, most of the blanket bunched beneath the bottle, with your left hand take the blanket near the corner that is wetted with petrol. Wait for your tank. When near enough, your pal [or comrade-in-arms] lights the petrol soaked corner of the blanket. Throw the bottle and blanket as soon as this corner is flaring. (You cannot throw it far.) See that it drops in front of the tank. The blanket should catch in the tracks or in a cog-wheel, or wind itself round an axle. The bottle will smash, but the petrol should soak the blanket well enough to make a really healthy fire which will burn the rubber wheels on which the tank track runs, set fire to the carburettor or frizzle the crew. Do not play with these things. They are highly dangerous.|Tom Wintringham|{{cite magazine|title=Against Invasion&nbsp;– the lessons of Spain|magazine=Picture Post|date=15 June 1940|pages=9–24}}}} ===Khalkhin Gol=== The [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], a border conflict of 1939 ostensibly between Mongolia and [[Manchukuo]], saw heavy fighting between [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese]] and [[Soviet Army|Soviet]] forces. Short of anti-tank equipment, Japanese infantry attacked Soviet tanks with gasoline-filled bottles. Japanese infantrymen claimed that several hundred Soviet tanks had been destroyed this way, though Soviet loss records do not support this assessment.<ref>Coox, Alvin, 1990, ''Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939''</ref> ===Finland=== [[File:Molotov bread basket.jpg|thumb|right|Soviet cluster bomb ironically called a "Molotov bread basket". The "Molotov cocktail" was the Finns' response&nbsp;– "a drink to go with the food".]] On 30 November 1939, the [[Soviet Union]] invaded Finland, starting what came to be known as the [[Winter War]]. The [[Finnish Army]] faced large numbers of [[Red Army]] [[tank]]s. Being short on [[anti-tank gun]]s, they improvised incendiary devices to use against them. During the Winter War, the Soviet air force made extensive use of [[incendiaries]] and [[cluster bombs]] against Finnish troops and fortifications. When Soviet [[People's Commissar]] [[Foreign Minister|for Foreign Affairs]] Vyacheslav Molotov claimed in domestic propaganda broadcasts that the USSR was not bombing Finland, but merely delivering food to the citizens, the Finns, who were not starving, started sarcastically to call the air bombs [[Molotov bread basket]]s.<ref>*{{cite journal|last=Langdon-Davies|first=John|year=1940|month=June|title=The Lessons of Finland|journal=[[Picture Post]]|authorlink=John Langdon-Davies}}</ref> Soon the Finns responded by attacking advancing tanks with "Molotov cocktails", which were "a drink to go with the food". At first, the term was used to describe only the burning mixture itself, but in practical use the term was soon applied to the combination of both the bottle and its contents. This Finnish use of the hand- or [[sling (weapon)|sling-thrown]] explosive against Soviet tanks was repeated in the subsequent [[Continuation War]] between the two countries.<ref name="online"/> [[File:Molotovin cocktail.jpg|thumb|right|The original design of the Molotov cocktail produced by the Finnish [[alcohol monopoly]] [[Alko]] during the [[Winter War]] of 1939–40. The bottle has [[Match#Special-purpose matches|storm matches]] instead of a rag for a [[fuse (explosives)|fuse]].]] The Finns perfected the design and tactical use of the petrol bomb. The fuel for the Molotov cocktail was refined to a slightly sticky mixture of gasoline, kerosene, [[tar]], and potassium chlorate. Further refinements included the attachment of wind-proof matches or a phial of chemicals that would ignite on breakage, thereby removing the need to pre-ignite the bottle, and leaving the bottle about one-third empty was found to make breaking more likely.{{sfn|Trotter|2003|p=73}} As the cooling system was almost invariably placed where direct fire wouldn't hit it, the target of choice was the rear deck of a tank; the burning contents of the bottle would pour through the large cooling grills and ignite fuel, hydraulic fluids and ammunition. A British [[War Office]] report dated June 1940 noted that: {{quote|The Finns' policy was to allow the Russian tanks to penetrate their defences, even inducing them to do so by 'canalising' them through gaps and concentrating their small arms fire on the infantry following them. The tanks that penetrated were taken on by gun fire in the open and by small parties of men armed with explosive charges and petrol bombs in the forests and villages... The essence of the policy was the separation of the [[Armoured fighting vehicle|AFVs]] from the infantry, as once on their own the tank has many blind spots and once brought to a stop can be disposed of at leisure.<ref>Anti-tank measures; adoption and production of sticky bomb&nbsp;– [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/ExternalRequest.asp?RequestReference=WO185/1 WO 185/1], The National Archives</ref>}} Molotov cocktails were eventually mass-produced by the [[Alko]] corporation at its Rajamäki distillery, bundled with matches to light them. Production totalled 450,000 during the Winter War. The original design of the Molotov cocktail was a mixture of ethanol, tar and gasoline in a {{convert|750|ml|USqt}} bottle. The bottle had two long [[pyrotechnic]] [[Match#Types of special-purpose matches|storm matches]] attached to either side. Before use, one or both of the matches was lit; when the bottle broke on impact, the mixture ignited. The storm matches were found to be safer to use than a burning rag on the mouth of the bottle. ===Britain=== Early in 1940, with [[British anti-invasion preparations of World War II|the prospect of immediate invasion]], the possibilities of the petrol bomb gripped the imagination of the British public. For the layman, the petrol bomb had the benefit of using entirely familiar and available materials,{{sfn|Wintringham|1940| p=60}} and they were quickly improvised in large numbers, with the intention of using them against enemy [[tanks]].<ref>{{cite video|date= 1 August 1940|title=Cocktails A La Molotov&nbsp;– News item about British Home Guard training|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=25882 |format= |medium=Newsreel |language= |publisher=British Pathé |location= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=9 September 2010 |time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> Although the petrol bomb might seem like a weapon of desperation, the possibility of success was not quite as distant as might be imagined. 1940 was at the very end of the era of the light tank, and the German behemoths of the later war years were still in the future: many tanks were surprisingly vulnerable. When used in the right way and in sufficient numbers, the Finns had found that they were effective. Although the experience of the Spanish Civil War received more publicity, the more sophisticated petroleum warfare tactics of the Finns were not lost on British commanders. In his 5 June address to [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|LDV]] leaders, [[Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside|General Ironside]] said: {{quote|I want to develop this thing they developed in Finland, called the "Molotov cocktail", a bottle filled with resin, petrol and tar which if thrown on top of a tank will ignite, and if you throw half a dozen or more on it you have them cooked. It is quite an effective thing. If you can use your ingenuity, I give you a picture of a [road] block with two houses close to the block, overlooking it. There are many villages like that. Out of the top windows is the place to drop these things on the tank as it passes the block. It may only stop it for two minutes there, but it will be quite effective.{{sfn|Graves|1943|p=71}}}} Wintringham advised that a tank that was isolated from supporting infantry was potentially vulnerable to men who had the required determination and cunning to get close. Rifles or even a shotgun would be sufficient to persuade the crew to close all the hatches, and then the view from the tank is very limited; a turret-mounted machine gun has a very slow traverse and cannot hope to fend off attackers coming from all directions. Once sufficiently close, it is possible to hide where the tank's gunner cannot see: "The most dangerous distance away from a tank is 200 yards; the safest distance is six inches."<ref name = "PP 15 June 1940 p14" >Wintringham, Tom. Against Invasion&nbsp;– the lessons of Spain. Picture Post 15 June 1940 p. 14.</ref> Petrol bombs will soon produce a pall of blinding smoke, and a well-placed explosive package or even a stout iron bar in the tracks can immobilise the vehicle, leaving it at the mercy of further petrol bombs&nbsp;– which will suffocate the engine and possibly the crew&nbsp;– or an explosive charge or anti-tank mine. By August 1940, the [[War Office]] produced training instructions for the creation and use of Molotov cocktails. The instructions suggested scoring the bottles vertically with a diamond to ensure breakage and providing fuel-soaked rag, windproof matches or a length of cinema film (made of highly flammable nitrocellulose) as a source of ignition.<ref>War Office. Military Training Manual No 42, Appendix A: The Anti-Tank Petrol Bomb "Molotov Cocktail". 29 August 1940.</ref> On 29 July 1940, manufacturers Albright & Wilson of Oldbury demonstrated to the RAF how their white phosphorus could be used to ignite incendiary bombs. The demonstration involved throwing glass bottles containing a mixture of petrol and [[phosphorus]] at pieces of wood and into a hut. On breaking, the phosphorus was exposed to the air and spontaneously ignited; the petrol also burned, resulting in a fierce fire. Because of safety concerns, the RAF was not interested in [[white phosphorus]] as a source of ignition, but the idea of a self-igniting petrol bomb took hold. Initially known as an A.W. bomb, it was officially named the [[No. 76 Special Incendiary Grenade|No. 76 Grenade]], but more commonly known as the SIP (Self-Igniting Phosphorus) grenade. The perfected list of ingredients was [[Allotropes of phosphorus|yellow phosphorus]], benzene, water and a two-inch strip of raw rubber; all in a half-pint bottle sealed with a [[Crown cork|crown stopper]].<ref name = "WO MTM42 B p. 25" >War Office. Military Training Manual No 42, Appendix B: The Self-Igniting Phosphorus Grenade, The AW Grenade. 29 August 1940, p. 25.</ref> Over time, the rubber would slowly dissolve, making the contents slightly sticky, and the mixture would separate into two layers&nbsp;– this was intentional, and the grenade should not be shaken to mix the layers, as this would only delay ignition.<ref>Handbook for the Projectors, 2½ inch, Marks I & II September 1941. p. 26.</ref> When thrown against a hard surface, the glass would shatter and the contents would instantly ignite, liberating choking fumes of [[phosphorus pentoxide]] and [[sulphur dioxide]] as well as producing a great deal of heat.<ref name = "WO MTM42 B p. 25" /> Strict instructions were issued to store the grenades safely, preferably underwater and certainly never in a house.<ref name = "WO MTM42 B p. 25" /> Mainly issued to the [[British Home Guard|Home Guard]] as an anti-tank weapon, it was produced in vast numbers; by August 1941 well over 6,000,000 had been manufactured.<ref>Northover Projectors&nbsp;– [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/ExternalRequest.asp?RequestReference=WO185/23 WO 185/23], The National Archives</ref> [[File:MWP Sidolowka satchel molotov.JPG|thumb|A display of improvised munitions, including a Molotov cocktail, from the [[Warsaw Uprising]], 1944.]] However, there were voices that were more cautious. There were many who were sceptical about the efficacy of Molotov cocktails and SIPs grenades against the more modern German tanks. Weapon designer Stuart Macrae witnessed a trial of the SIPs grenade at [[Farnborough Airfield|Farnborough]]: "There was some concern that, if the tank drivers could not pull up quickly enough and hop out, they were likely to be frizzled to death, but after looking at the bottles they said they would be happy to take a chance."{{sfn|Macrae|1971|p=120}} The drivers were proved right, trials on modern British tanks confirmed that Molotov and SIP grenades caused the occupants of the tanks "no inconvenience whatsoever".{{sfn|Macrae|1971|pp=84–85}} Wintringham, though enthusiastic about improvised weapons cautioned against a reliance on petrol bombs and repeatedly emphasised the importance of using explosive charges.<ref>Wintringham, Tom. Against Invasion&nbsp;– the lessons of Spain. Picture Post 15 June 1940 pp. 9–24.</ref>{{sfn|Wintringham|1940|p=59}} ===Other fronts=== During the [[Irish War of Independence]], IRA fighters sometimes used sods of turf soaked in paraffin oil to attack British army barracks. Fencing wire was pushed through the sod to make a throwing handle.<ref>[[Dan Breen|Breen, Dan]] (1981). ''My fight for Irish freedom''. Anvil, p. 121. ISBN 0-900068-58-2</ref> The [[Armia Krajowa|Polish Home Army]] developed a version<ref>{{cite web | author=Rafal E. Stolarski | url=http://www.polishresistance-ak.org/25%20Article.htm | title=The Production of Arms and Explosive Materials by the Polish Home Army in the Years 1939–1945 |accessdate=30 June 2007}}</ref> which ignited on impact without the need of a wick. Ignition was caused by a reaction between concentrated [[sulfuric acid]] mixed with the fuel and a mixture of potassium chlorate and sugar which was [[Crystallization|crystallized]] from solution onto a rag attached to the bottle. The [[United States Marine Corps]] developed a version during [[World War II]] that used a tube of nitric acid and a lump of metallic [[sodium]] to ignite a mixture of petrol and diesel fuel.<ref name="O'Kane">{{cite book|author=O'Kane, Richard|title=Wahoo: The Patrols of America's Most Famous WWII Submarine|year=1987|publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=0-89141-572-6|page=184}}</ref> ==Modern use== [[File:Molotowcocktail.jpg|thumb|right|A Molotov cocktail bursts during an anti-[[G8]] demonstration in Rostock, 2007.]] While Molotov cocktails may be a psychologically effective method of disabling armoured fighting vehicles by forcing the crew out or damaging external components, most modern tanks cannot be physically destroyed or rendered completely inoperable by Molotov cocktails; only "disabled". Early Soviet tanks had poorly designed engine louvers which allowed the admission of fuel&nbsp;– this design fault was quickly rectified, and subsequent armoured vehicles had engine louvers which drained fuel (as well as rain water and dust) away from the engine. Most tanks and [[infantry fighting vehicle]]s (IFVs) of the 21st century have specially designed [[NBC suit|nuclear, biological and chemical protective systems]] that make them internally air-tight and sealed; they are well protected from vapors, gases, and liquids. Modern tanks possess very thick [[composite armour]] consisting of layers of steel, ceramics, plastics and [[Kevlar]], and these materials have melting points well above the burning temperature of gasoline, which makes the vehicles themselves invulnerable to Molotov cocktails. Only external components such as optical systems, antennas, externally mounted weapons systems or ventilation ports and openings can be damaged, which can make a tank virtually "blind" or allow burning gasoline to seep into the vehicle, forcing the crew to at least open the hatches or perhaps abandon the vehicle. A Molotov cocktail thrown through an open hatch into the crew spaces would, like most other grenades, adversely and seriously affect the crew and equipment. However, many modern tanks (such as those operated by the US and NATO) have on-board fire suppression systems. Any fire in a crew space will be automatically extinguished with [[Halomethane#Fire extinguishing|Halon]] or another fire suppressant.{{Clarify|2011|date=October 2011|reason=Wouldn't that suffocate the crew? (I am guessing this is the reason the clarification is needed...)}} During the [[Second Battle of Fallujah]] US Marines employed Molotov cocktails made with "one part liquid laundry detergent, two parts gas" for 'burning out' their enemies from houses.<ref>{{cite web|last=Catagnus, Edison, Keeling, Moon|title=Lessons Learned: Infantry Squad Tactics in Military Operations in Urban Terrain During Operation Phantom Fury in Fallujah, Iraq}}</ref> [[File:2010 0515 rama 4 and sathorn 26.JPG|thumb|Molotov cocktails used by [[United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship|protesters]] in Thailand, [[2010 Thai military crackdown|May 2010]].]] In [[Northern Ireland]], Molotov cocktails were used by rioting [[paramilitary]] groups and protesters against the police, and they are also used to attack houses to burn the house or to intimidate the occupants. In the [[Arab Spring]], including in Cairo, Egypt, pro-government forces attacked protesters in Cairo with Molotovs. In the [[Bahraini uprising (2011–present)|Bahraini uprising]], protesters used Molotov cocktails against security forces. ==Legality== As incendiary devices, Molotov cocktails are illegal to manufacture or possess in many regions. In the United States, Molotov cocktails are considered "[[destructive device]]s" under the [[National Firearms Act]] and regulated by the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives|ATF]].<ref>[http://www.atf.gov/files/publications/download/p/atf-p-5320-8/atf-p-5320-8.pdf ATF- National Firearms Act handbook]</ref> ==See also== * [[Improvised explosive device]] * [[Improvised firearm]] * [[Insurgency weapon]] * [[No 73 Grenade]] * [[No 76 Special Incendiary Grenade]] ==External links== * [http://www.winterwar.com/Weapons/FinAT/FINantitank2.htm#molotov A detailed technology of the Molotov cocktail] * [http://www.kevos4.com/Molotov_Cocktail.htm History of the Molotov cocktail] * [http://www.popsci.com/archive-viewer?id=UycDAAAAMBAJ&pg=97&query=pursuit Homemade Tank Bomb] June 1941 Popular Science showing US public the Molotov Cocktail as used in the European Wars * [http://ar.to/2010/08/red-blood-white-snow A Thousand Lakes of Red Blood on White Snow], a brief history of the subarctic origins of the Molotov cocktail in the Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939–40 {{DEFAULTSORT:Molotov Cocktail}} 7d86586da1acb6482a6138967812a4ea527d8abe 26 18 2019-03-21T05:41:24Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Talvisota Molotov Cocktail.PNG|thumb|200px|A Finnish soldier with a Molotov cocktail in the 1939-40 [[Winter War]].]] The '''Molotov cocktail''', also known as a '''Petrol Bomb''', '''Fire Bomb '''(not to be confused with the actual [[Firebombing|Fire Bomb]]) or just '''Molotov''' is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based [[Improvised explosive device|improvised]] [[Incendiary device|incendiary weapons]]. Due to the relative ease of production, they are frequently used by amateur [[protest]]ers and non-professionally equipped fighters in [[urban guerrilla warfare]]. They are primarily intended to set targets ablaze rather than instantly destroy them. The name "Molotov cocktail" was coined by the Finns during the [[Winter War]].<ref name="online">Online Etymology Dictionary: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/molotov+cocktail ''Molotov cocktail'']. Douglas Harper, 2010.</ref> The name is an insulting reference to [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)|Soviet foreign minister]] Vyacheslav Molotov, who was responsible for the partitioning of Finland with [[Nazi Germany]] under the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact]] in August 1939. The pact with the Nazis bearing Molotov's name, which secretly stated the Soviet intention to invade Finland in November 1939, was widely mocked by the Finns, as well as much of the propaganda Molotov produced to accompany it, including his declaration on Soviet state radio that bombing missions over Finland were actually airborne humanitarian food deliveries for their starving neighbors. The Finns, far from starving and engaged in a bitter war for national survival with the Soviet forces, sarcastically dubbed the Soviet [[cluster bombs]] "[[Molotov bread basket]]s" in reference to Molotov's propaganda broadcasts. When the hand-held bottle firebomb was developed to attack Soviet tanks, the Finns called it the "Molotov cocktail", as "a drink to go with the food".<ref>The Second Book of General Ignorance, Faber and Faber, 2010, p.76, ISBN 978-0-571-26965-5</ref> Molotov himself despised the name, particularly as the term became ubiquitous and genericized as Soviets faced increasing numbers of cocktail-throwing protestors in the Eastern Bloc in the years after World War II.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sebag-Montefiore, Simon|title=Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar|publisher=[[Vintage Books]]|year=2005|page=335|isbn=1-4000-7678-1|ref=CITEREFMontefiore2005|authorlink=Simon Sebag-Montefiore}}</ref> ==Recipe== A Molotov cocktail is a breakable glass bottle containing a flammable substance such as gasoline/petrol or a [[napalm]]-like mixture, with some motor oil added, and usually a source of ignition such as a burning cloth [[Capillary action|wick]] held in place by the bottle's stopper. The wick is usually soaked in alcohol or kerosene, rather than gasoline. In action, the wick is lit and the bottle hurled at a target such as a vehicle or fortification. When the bottle smashes on impact, the ensuing cloud of petrol droplets and vapour ignites, causing an immediate [[Explosion|fireball]] followed by a raging fire as the remainder of the fuel is consumed. Another method is to place a reactive substance in with the gasoline, and treat the label or wrapper paper with another chemical; when the bottle ruptures, the two chemicals mix and ignite; this is safer to handle if done properly, and does not betray the thrower with a visible flame prior to the throw. A far superior version can be produced by substituting [[carbon disulfide]] for the gasoline and saturating this solvent with [[white phosphorus]] and sulfur. The mixture will automatically ignite on exposure to air. Care must be taken to avoid the use of rubber stoppers for the bottles, as carbon disulfide readily dissolves rubber. Other flammable liquids such as diesel fuel, [[methanol]], turpentine and [[E85]] have been used in place of or with gasoline. Thickening agents such as Styrofoam, baking soda, tar, strips of tyre tubing, blood, [[Polystyrene#Extruded polystyrene foam|XPS foam]], egg whites, [[motor oil]], [[rubber cement]], and dish soap have been added to help the burning liquid adhere to the target and create clouds of thick, choking smoke.<ref name="Rottman 2010">{{cite book|last=Rottman|first=Gordon L.|title=World War II Allied Sabotage Devices and Booby Traps|year=2010|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84908-175-7|page=18}}</ref> ==discussion of recipe== [[File:gallery_31313_326_53249.jpg|thumb|right|schematic of a Molotov cocktail]] from https://www.survivalkit.com/blog/making-an-effective-molotov-cocktail/ [https://www.survivalkit.com/blog/making-an-effective-molotov-cocktail/] ===Alcohol or Kerosene=== Alcohol is cheap and easy to obtain in large quantities. However, it doesn’t have a long burn duration, and much of the spill that occurs upon impact will vaporize in a couple of seconds. Kerosene is thicker and also burns at a higher temperature. It will ignite rapidly and evenly while burning more slowly than alcohol as well. However, it is heavier and more expensive than alcohol. This may impact the distance in which the bottle can be thrown, but it will prove to beneficial if trying to set fire to material that is not easy to ignite. You can also use gasoline or used motor oil for your cocktail as well. The used oil will have an effect that is similar to kerosene, whereas the gasoline will burn with less intensity. However, gas burns better than alcohol. The biggest drawbacks to using gasoline is that you will be depleting your fuel reserves, it smells bad and it is difficult to rinse off of the hands. ===Cloth or Paper Wicks=== There are differing opinions to whether it makes sense to use cloth or rolled up paper towel sheets for the wick. Paper towels are cheaper, but cloth is stronger and less likely to disintegrate in the liquid. You should use cloth whenever possible because it also burns more slowly and consistently. This will increase the chances of having a good ignition once the bottle reaches its target. Paper towels can burn out while being thrown over long distances as well. If you do use paper towels, make sure they are thick, tough and absorbent. The type of bottle matters as well and thicker glass is harder to break, especially on smaller bottles. However, thicker glass on larger bottles will make them easier to throw and shatter upon impact. The best thing to do is practice at home and determine what options are best for your particular needs. Small bottles filled with alcohol are ideal for striking areas that have a lot of kindling available. Larger bottles with kerosene or used motor oil can be used when coverage and stickiness are important considerations. In any case, it is important that you properly soak the wick in order to ensure a nice ignition upon impact. You want to place the wick into the bottle before you fill it, holding the fabric to one side of the neck as you insert the funnel. This will ensure that the wick doesn’t float to the top after the bottle is full of fuel. When it is time to light the cocktail, pour some fuel on top of the wick that is outside of the bottle as well. Now it’s time to light and lob the bottle towards the target. Just remember that the bottle needs to shatter and release all of that fuel in order for it to work. Don’t waste a cocktail by throwing it against a soft surface or another person, because it won’t ignite. ==Development and use in war== ===Spanish Civil War=== Improvised incendiary devices were used for the first time in the [[Spanish Civil War]] between July 1936 and April 1939,<ref>Thomas, Hugh (1994). ''The Spanish Civil War''. Simon & Schuster, p. 468. ISBN 0-671-75876-4</ref> before they became known as "Molotov cocktails". In 1936, [[General]] [[Francisco Franco]] ordered [[Spanish Nationalists]] to use the weapon against Soviet [[T-26 tank]]s supporting the [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republicans]] in a failed assault on the Nationalist stronghold of [[Seseña]], near Toledo, {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Madrid.<ref>[http://www.kevos4.com/Molotov_Cocktail.htm History of the Molotov cocktail]</ref> After that, both sides used simple petrol bombs or petrol-soaked [[blanket]]s with some success. [[Tom Wintringham]], a veteran of the [[International Brigade]]s, later publicised his recommended method of using them: {{quote|We made use of "petrol bombs" roughly as follows: take a 2lb glass jam jar. Fill with petrol. Take a heavy curtain, half a blanket, or some other heavy material. Wrap this over the mouth of the jar, tie it round the neck with string, leave the ends of the material hanging free. When you want to use it have somebody standing by with a light [i.e., a source of ignition]. Put a corner of the material down in front of you, turn the bottle over so that petrol soaks out round the mouth of the bottle and drips on to this corner of the material. Turn the bottle right way up again, hold it in your right hand, most of the blanket bunched beneath the bottle, with your left hand take the blanket near the corner that is wetted with petrol. Wait for your tank. When near enough, your pal [or comrade-in-arms] lights the petrol soaked corner of the blanket. Throw the bottle and blanket as soon as this corner is flaring. (You cannot throw it far.) See that it drops in front of the tank. The blanket should catch in the tracks or in a cog-wheel, or wind itself round an axle. The bottle will smash, but the petrol should soak the blanket well enough to make a really healthy fire which will burn the rubber wheels on which the tank track runs, set fire to the carburettor or frizzle the crew. Do not play with these things. They are highly dangerous.|Tom Wintringham|{{cite magazine|title=Against Invasion&nbsp;– the lessons of Spain|magazine=Picture Post|date=15 June 1940|pages=9–24}}}} ===Khalkhin Gol=== The [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], a border conflict of 1939 ostensibly between Mongolia and [[Manchukuo]], saw heavy fighting between [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese]] and [[Soviet Army|Soviet]] forces. Short of anti-tank equipment, Japanese infantry attacked Soviet tanks with gasoline-filled bottles. Japanese infantrymen claimed that several hundred Soviet tanks had been destroyed this way, though Soviet loss records do not support this assessment.<ref>Coox, Alvin, 1990, ''Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939''</ref> ===Finland=== [[File:Molotov bread basket.jpg|thumb|right|Soviet cluster bomb ironically called a "Molotov bread basket". The "Molotov cocktail" was the Finns' response&nbsp;– "a drink to go with the food".]] On 30 November 1939, the [[Soviet Union]] invaded Finland, starting what came to be known as the [[Winter War]]. The [[Finnish Army]] faced large numbers of [[Red Army]] [[tank]]s. Being short on [[anti-tank gun]]s, they improvised incendiary devices to use against them. During the Winter War, the Soviet air force made extensive use of [[incendiaries]] and [[cluster bombs]] against Finnish troops and fortifications. When Soviet [[People's Commissar]] [[Foreign Minister|for Foreign Affairs]] Vyacheslav Molotov claimed in domestic propaganda broadcasts that the USSR was not bombing Finland, but merely delivering food to the citizens, the Finns, who were not starving, started sarcastically to call the air bombs [[Molotov bread basket]]s.<ref>*{{cite journal|last=Langdon-Davies|first=John|year=1940|month=June|title=The Lessons of Finland|journal=[[Picture Post]]|authorlink=John Langdon-Davies}}</ref> Soon the Finns responded by attacking advancing tanks with "Molotov cocktails", which were "a drink to go with the food". At first, the term was used to describe only the burning mixture itself, but in practical use the term was soon applied to the combination of both the bottle and its contents. This Finnish use of the hand- or [[sling (weapon)|sling-thrown]] explosive against Soviet tanks was repeated in the subsequent [[Continuation War]] between the two countries.<ref name="online"/> [[File:Molotovin cocktail.jpg|thumb|right|The original design of the Molotov cocktail produced by the Finnish [[alcohol monopoly]] [[Alko]] during the [[Winter War]] of 1939–40. The bottle has [[Match#Special-purpose matches|storm matches]] instead of a rag for a [[fuse (explosives)|fuse]].]] The Finns perfected the design and tactical use of the petrol bomb. The fuel for the Molotov cocktail was refined to a slightly sticky mixture of gasoline, kerosene, [[tar]], and potassium chlorate. Further refinements included the attachment of wind-proof matches or a phial of chemicals that would ignite on breakage, thereby removing the need to pre-ignite the bottle, and leaving the bottle about one-third empty was found to make breaking more likely.{{sfn|Trotter|2003|p=73}} As the cooling system was almost invariably placed where direct fire wouldn't hit it, the target of choice was the rear deck of a tank; the burning contents of the bottle would pour through the large cooling grills and ignite fuel, hydraulic fluids and ammunition. A British [[War Office]] report dated June 1940 noted that: {{quote|The Finns' policy was to allow the Russian tanks to penetrate their defences, even inducing them to do so by 'canalising' them through gaps and concentrating their small arms fire on the infantry following them. The tanks that penetrated were taken on by gun fire in the open and by small parties of men armed with explosive charges and petrol bombs in the forests and villages... The essence of the policy was the separation of the [[Armoured fighting vehicle|AFVs]] from the infantry, as once on their own the tank has many blind spots and once brought to a stop can be disposed of at leisure.<ref>Anti-tank measures; adoption and production of sticky bomb&nbsp;– [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/ExternalRequest.asp?RequestReference=WO185/1 WO 185/1], The National Archives</ref>}} Molotov cocktails were eventually mass-produced by the [[Alko]] corporation at its Rajamäki distillery, bundled with matches to light them. Production totalled 450,000 during the Winter War. The original design of the Molotov cocktail was a mixture of ethanol, tar and gasoline in a {{convert|750|ml|USqt}} bottle. The bottle had two long [[pyrotechnic]] [[Match#Types of special-purpose matches|storm matches]] attached to either side. Before use, one or both of the matches was lit; when the bottle broke on impact, the mixture ignited. The storm matches were found to be safer to use than a burning rag on the mouth of the bottle. ===Britain=== Early in 1940, with [[British anti-invasion preparations of World War II|the prospect of immediate invasion]], the possibilities of the petrol bomb gripped the imagination of the British public. For the layman, the petrol bomb had the benefit of using entirely familiar and available materials,{{sfn|Wintringham|1940| p=60}} and they were quickly improvised in large numbers, with the intention of using them against enemy [[tanks]].<ref>{{cite video|date= 1 August 1940|title=Cocktails A La Molotov&nbsp;– News item about British Home Guard training|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=25882 |format= |medium=Newsreel |language= |publisher=British Pathé |location= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=9 September 2010 |time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> Although the petrol bomb might seem like a weapon of desperation, the possibility of success was not quite as distant as might be imagined. 1940 was at the very end of the era of the light tank, and the German behemoths of the later war years were still in the future: many tanks were surprisingly vulnerable. When used in the right way and in sufficient numbers, the Finns had found that they were effective. Although the experience of the Spanish Civil War received more publicity, the more sophisticated petroleum warfare tactics of the Finns were not lost on British commanders. In his 5 June address to [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|LDV]] leaders, [[Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside|General Ironside]] said: {{quote|I want to develop this thing they developed in Finland, called the "Molotov cocktail", a bottle filled with resin, petrol and tar which if thrown on top of a tank will ignite, and if you throw half a dozen or more on it you have them cooked. It is quite an effective thing. If you can use your ingenuity, I give you a picture of a [road] block with two houses close to the block, overlooking it. There are many villages like that. Out of the top windows is the place to drop these things on the tank as it passes the block. It may only stop it for two minutes there, but it will be quite effective.{{sfn|Graves|1943|p=71}}}} Wintringham advised that a tank that was isolated from supporting infantry was potentially vulnerable to men who had the required determination and cunning to get close. Rifles or even a shotgun would be sufficient to persuade the crew to close all the hatches, and then the view from the tank is very limited; a turret-mounted machine gun has a very slow traverse and cannot hope to fend off attackers coming from all directions. Once sufficiently close, it is possible to hide where the tank's gunner cannot see: "The most dangerous distance away from a tank is 200 yards; the safest distance is six inches."<ref name = "PP 15 June 1940 p14" >Wintringham, Tom. Against Invasion&nbsp;– the lessons of Spain. Picture Post 15 June 1940 p. 14.</ref> Petrol bombs will soon produce a pall of blinding smoke, and a well-placed explosive package or even a stout iron bar in the tracks can immobilise the vehicle, leaving it at the mercy of further petrol bombs&nbsp;– which will suffocate the engine and possibly the crew&nbsp;– or an explosive charge or anti-tank mine. By August 1940, the [[War Office]] produced training instructions for the creation and use of Molotov cocktails. The instructions suggested scoring the bottles vertically with a diamond to ensure breakage and providing fuel-soaked rag, windproof matches or a length of cinema film (made of highly flammable nitrocellulose) as a source of ignition.<ref>War Office. Military Training Manual No 42, Appendix A: The Anti-Tank Petrol Bomb "Molotov Cocktail". 29 August 1940.</ref> On 29 July 1940, manufacturers Albright & Wilson of Oldbury demonstrated to the RAF how their white phosphorus could be used to ignite incendiary bombs. The demonstration involved throwing glass bottles containing a mixture of petrol and [[phosphorus]] at pieces of wood and into a hut. On breaking, the phosphorus was exposed to the air and spontaneously ignited; the petrol also burned, resulting in a fierce fire. Because of safety concerns, the RAF was not interested in [[white phosphorus]] as a source of ignition, but the idea of a self-igniting petrol bomb took hold. Initially known as an A.W. bomb, it was officially named the [[No. 76 Special Incendiary Grenade|No. 76 Grenade]], but more commonly known as the SIP (Self-Igniting Phosphorus) grenade. The perfected list of ingredients was [[Allotropes of phosphorus|yellow phosphorus]], benzene, water and a two-inch strip of raw rubber; all in a half-pint bottle sealed with a [[Crown cork|crown stopper]].<ref name = "WO MTM42 B p. 25" >War Office. Military Training Manual No 42, Appendix B: The Self-Igniting Phosphorus Grenade, The AW Grenade. 29 August 1940, p. 25.</ref> Over time, the rubber would slowly dissolve, making the contents slightly sticky, and the mixture would separate into two layers&nbsp;– this was intentional, and the grenade should not be shaken to mix the layers, as this would only delay ignition.<ref>Handbook for the Projectors, 2½ inch, Marks I & II September 1941. p. 26.</ref> When thrown against a hard surface, the glass would shatter and the contents would instantly ignite, liberating choking fumes of [[phosphorus pentoxide]] and [[sulphur dioxide]] as well as producing a great deal of heat.<ref name = "WO MTM42 B p. 25" /> Strict instructions were issued to store the grenades safely, preferably underwater and certainly never in a house.<ref name = "WO MTM42 B p. 25" /> Mainly issued to the [[British Home Guard|Home Guard]] as an anti-tank weapon, it was produced in vast numbers; by August 1941 well over 6,000,000 had been manufactured.<ref>Northover Projectors&nbsp;– [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/ExternalRequest.asp?RequestReference=WO185/23 WO 185/23], The National Archives</ref> [[File:MWP Sidolowka satchel molotov.JPG|thumb|A display of improvised munitions, including a Molotov cocktail, from the [[Warsaw Uprising]], 1944.]] However, there were voices that were more cautious. There were many who were sceptical about the efficacy of Molotov cocktails and SIPs grenades against the more modern German tanks. Weapon designer Stuart Macrae witnessed a trial of the SIPs grenade at [[Farnborough Airfield|Farnborough]]: "There was some concern that, if the tank drivers could not pull up quickly enough and hop out, they were likely to be frizzled to death, but after looking at the bottles they said they would be happy to take a chance."{{sfn|Macrae|1971|p=120}} The drivers were proved right, trials on modern British tanks confirmed that Molotov and SIP grenades caused the occupants of the tanks "no inconvenience whatsoever".{{sfn|Macrae|1971|pp=84–85}} Wintringham, though enthusiastic about improvised weapons cautioned against a reliance on petrol bombs and repeatedly emphasised the importance of using explosive charges.<ref>Wintringham, Tom. Against Invasion&nbsp;– the lessons of Spain. Picture Post 15 June 1940 pp. 9–24.</ref>{{sfn|Wintringham|1940|p=59}} ===Other fronts=== During the [[Irish War of Independence]], IRA fighters sometimes used sods of turf soaked in paraffin oil to attack British army barracks. Fencing wire was pushed through the sod to make a throwing handle.<ref>[[Dan Breen|Breen, Dan]] (1981). ''My fight for Irish freedom''. Anvil, p. 121. ISBN 0-900068-58-2</ref> The [[Armia Krajowa|Polish Home Army]] developed a version<ref>{{cite web | author=Rafal E. Stolarski | url=http://www.polishresistance-ak.org/25%20Article.htm | title=The Production of Arms and Explosive Materials by the Polish Home Army in the Years 1939–1945 |accessdate=30 June 2007}}</ref> which ignited on impact without the need of a wick. Ignition was caused by a reaction between concentrated [[sulfuric acid]] mixed with the fuel and a mixture of potassium chlorate and sugar which was [[Crystallization|crystallized]] from solution onto a rag attached to the bottle. The [[United States Marine Corps]] developed a version during [[World War II]] that used a tube of nitric acid and a lump of metallic [[sodium]] to ignite a mixture of petrol and diesel fuel.<ref name="O'Kane">{{cite book|author=O'Kane, Richard|title=Wahoo: The Patrols of America's Most Famous WWII Submarine|year=1987|publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=0-89141-572-6|page=184}}</ref> ==Modern use== [[File:Molotowcocktail.jpg|thumb|right|A Molotov cocktail bursts during an anti-[[G8]] demonstration in Rostock, 2007.]] While Molotov cocktails may be a psychologically effective method of disabling armoured fighting vehicles by forcing the crew out or damaging external components, most modern tanks cannot be physically destroyed or rendered completely inoperable by Molotov cocktails; only "disabled". Early Soviet tanks had poorly designed engine louvers which allowed the admission of fuel&nbsp;– this design fault was quickly rectified, and subsequent armoured vehicles had engine louvers which drained fuel (as well as rain water and dust) away from the engine. Most tanks and [[infantry fighting vehicle]]s (IFVs) of the 21st century have specially designed [[NBC suit|nuclear, biological and chemical protective systems]] that make them internally air-tight and sealed; they are well protected from vapors, gases, and liquids. Modern tanks possess very thick [[composite armour]] consisting of layers of steel, ceramics, plastics and [[Kevlar]], and these materials have melting points well above the burning temperature of gasoline, which makes the vehicles themselves invulnerable to Molotov cocktails. Only external components such as optical systems, antennas, externally mounted weapons systems or ventilation ports and openings can be damaged, which can make a tank virtually "blind" or allow burning gasoline to seep into the vehicle, forcing the crew to at least open the hatches or perhaps abandon the vehicle. A Molotov cocktail thrown through an open hatch into the crew spaces would, like most other grenades, adversely and seriously affect the crew and equipment. However, many modern tanks (such as those operated by the US and NATO) have on-board fire suppression systems. Any fire in a crew space will be automatically extinguished with [[Halomethane#Fire extinguishing|Halon]] or another fire suppressant.{{Clarify|2011|date=October 2011|reason=Wouldn't that suffocate the crew? (I am guessing this is the reason the clarification is needed...)}} During the [[Second Battle of Fallujah]] US Marines employed Molotov cocktails made with "one part liquid laundry detergent, two parts gas" for 'burning out' their enemies from houses.<ref>{{cite web|last=Catagnus, Edison, Keeling, Moon|title=Lessons Learned: Infantry Squad Tactics in Military Operations in Urban Terrain During Operation Phantom Fury in Fallujah, Iraq}}</ref> [[File:2010 0515 rama 4 and sathorn 26.JPG|thumb|Molotov cocktails used by [[United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship|protesters]] in Thailand, [[2010 Thai military crackdown|May 2010]].]] In [[Northern Ireland]], Molotov cocktails were used by rioting [[paramilitary]] groups and protesters against the police, and they are also used to attack houses to burn the house or to intimidate the occupants. In the [[Arab Spring]], including in Cairo, Egypt, pro-government forces attacked protesters in Cairo with Molotovs. In the [[Bahraini uprising (2011–present)|Bahraini uprising]], protesters used Molotov cocktails against security forces. ==Legality== As incendiary devices, Molotov cocktails are illegal to manufacture or possess in many regions. In the United States, Molotov cocktails are considered "[[destructive device]]s" under the [[National Firearms Act]] and regulated by the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives|ATF]].<ref>[http://www.atf.gov/files/publications/download/p/atf-p-5320-8/atf-p-5320-8.pdf ATF- National Firearms Act handbook]</ref> ==See also== * [[Improvised explosive device]] * [[Improvised firearm]] * [[Insurgency weapon]] * [[No 73 Grenade]] * [[No 76 Special Incendiary Grenade]] ==External links== * [http://www.winterwar.com/Weapons/FinAT/FINantitank2.htm#molotov A detailed technology of the Molotov cocktail] * [http://www.kevos4.com/Molotov_Cocktail.htm History of the Molotov cocktail] * [http://www.popsci.com/archive-viewer?id=UycDAAAAMBAJ&pg=97&query=pursuit Homemade Tank Bomb] June 1941 Popular Science showing US public the Molotov Cocktail as used in the European Wars * [http://ar.to/2010/08/red-blood-white-snow A Thousand Lakes of Red Blood on White Snow], a brief history of the subarctic origins of the Molotov cocktail in the Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939–40 {{DEFAULTSORT:Molotov Cocktail}} a618da22770ba123d8a10e4754e5cbea21f9eb10 6 16 19 2019-03-20T05:50:59Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 17 20 2019-03-20T05:52:05Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 18 21 2019-03-20T05:52:35Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 19 22 2019-03-20T05:53:14Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 20 23 2019-03-20T05:53:33Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 21 24 2019-03-20T05:53:41Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 22 25 2019-03-21T05:37:02Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 23 27 2019-04-02T04:50:04Z B00m 2 Created page with " Tadeusz Urbański (born on 26 October 1901 in Ekaterinodar in the Caucasus, died on 29 May 1985 in Warsaw) - Polish chemist, professor at the Warsaw University of Technology...." wikitext text/x-wiki Tadeusz Urbański (born on 26 October 1901 in Ekaterinodar in the Caucasus, died on 29 May 1985 in Warsaw) - Polish chemist, professor at the Warsaw University of Technology. ==Curriculum Vitae== He was born in Ekaterinodar, where his father was a judge. Tadeusz Urbański, after reading a short description of explosive reactions in gases by the French chemist Chatelier, decided to work in the field of explosives. He worked in the Pyrotechnic Laboratory of the Technical Institute of Armament of the Ministry of Military Affairs, operating in the "Missile" Ammunition Plant in Rembertów. In this unit, his collaborators were Zbigniew Kapuściński and Tadeusz Tucholski (later victims of the Katyn crime; moreover, the first of them taught him pilotage at the Warsaw Aeroclub in the 1930s). During World War II he stayed in England, where he continued his research in the field of biologically active compounds and explosives. After returning to Poland, he conducted research in both directions, obtaining valuable anti-tuberculosis drugs, among other things. In 1951 he was awarded the Golden Cross of Merit, and in 1954 the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. In 1962, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in chemistry, but he did not receive it. In 1964-1967, he was the director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 1981, he was awarded the title of doctor honoris causa of the Warsaw University of Technology[6], and in 1985 - the Jędrzej Śniadecki Medal. He was the author of a three-volume monograph on explosives Chemistry and explosives technology, Ministry of National Defence, 1954, translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1964 and Pergamon Press (now Elsevier) in 1984-1985 as a four-volume publication Chemistry and technology of explosives (ISBN 0-08-010238-7). He was also the author or co-author of about 500 scientific publications. ==Work== His scientific work on the chemistry of nitroalkanes and its simplest representative, nitromethane, is particularly well known. For example, he condensed nitroethane with two equivalents of formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate to form a nitrosubstituted glycol. In its absorption spectrum, the typical band for nitro groups at 270 nm is missing, which suggests the formation of hydrogen bonds with the participation of the nitro group. Under the action of alkali a retro-aldole condensation takes place with the elimination of formaldehyde. The reaction of the nitrosubstituted glycol with formaldehyde and cyclohexylamine yields substituted 1,3-oxazines in a three-component reaction. By varying the nitroalkane and amine components, numerous different 1,3-oxazines can be synthesized. ==Bibliography== * Krystyna Kabzińska, Organic chemistry: handbook for chemical technicians of all specialties WSiP 1988 * Tadeusz Urbański. Records for scientific autobiography. "Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki", p. 2-47, No. 29 of 1984. * Biography of Professor Tadeusz Urbański. bcpw.bg.pw.edu.pl. access 2017-10-16. * [[Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 1]], 1963, ISBN10: 0080102387, ISBN13: 9780080102382 * [[Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 2]], 1965, ISBN10: ISBN13: * [[Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 3]], 1981, ISBN10: ISBN13: * [[Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 4]], 1984, ISBN10: 0080262066, ISBN13: 9780080262062 684c47184770ea7bd8b283fb377e3f72ca968985 0 24 28 2019-04-04T03:53:27Z B00m 2 Created page with "The book is a masterly treatise, reflecting the author's intimate knowledge of his subject. The manufacture and chemical, physical, and physiological properties of nitro compo..." wikitext text/x-wiki The book is a masterly treatise, reflecting the author's intimate knowledge of his subject. The manufacture and chemical, physical, and physiological properties of nitro compounds of interest in the technology of explosives are given detailed treatment. The explosives materials collection covered by this "cookbook" is not complete, of course. It will never be. It may anyway serve as a convenient guide for all occasional or professional users of explosives showing essentially what is available. Each one of the recipes is only a suggestion. It has been tried in this laboratory and it works, but it does not mean that a variation of the recipe does not work. In fact, the most of the recipes still permit substantial improvements. It may remain to the individual explosives materials chemist to work out such improvements. The book is well worth its relatively modest price and is recommended to all with interest in this interesting and actually little known area. ==Contents== *Nitration and Nitrating Agents *Nitration Theories *Nitration Agents and Methods More Rarely Used *Nitration with Nitrating Mixtures *General Information on Nitro Compounds *Aromatic Nitro Compounds *Nitro Derivatives of Benzene *Nitro Derivatives of Toluene *TNT Manufacture *Nitro Derivatives of Higher Benzene Homologues *Nitro Derivatives of Naphthalene *Nitro Derivatives of Halogenobenzenes *Nitro Derivatives of Phenol *Manufacture of Picric Acid *Other Nitro Derivatives of Phenols *Picric Acid Ethers *Nitro Derivatives of Anilene *Nitro Derivatives of Azo- and Hydrazo-Benzenes *Aliphatic Nitro Compounds *Nitronitroso and Nitroso Compounds ==Book== [[Image:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeI-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 1]] cd1d757ac07eb186751caf16598f19207d7fa7df 33 28 2019-04-05T03:33:26Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki The book is a masterly treatise, reflecting the author's intimate knowledge of his subject. The manufacture and chemical, physical, and physiological properties of nitro compounds of interest in the technology of explosives are given detailed treatment. The explosives materials collection covered by this "cookbook" is not complete, of course. It will never be. It may anyway serve as a convenient guide for all occasional or professional users of explosives showing essentially what is available. Each one of the recipes is only a suggestion. It has been tried in this laboratory and it works, but it does not mean that a variation of the recipe does not work. In fact, the most of the recipes still permit substantial improvements. It may remain to the individual explosives materials chemist to work out such improvements. The book is well worth its relatively modest price and is recommended to all with interest in this interesting and actually little known area. ==Contents== *Nitration and Nitrating Agents *Nitration Theories *Nitration Agents and Methods More Rarely Used *Nitration with Nitrating Mixtures *General Information on Nitro Compounds *Aromatic Nitro Compounds *Nitro Derivatives of Benzene *Nitro Derivatives of Toluene *TNT Manufacture *Nitro Derivatives of Higher Benzene Homologues *Nitro Derivatives of Naphthalene *Nitro Derivatives of Halogenobenzenes *Nitro Derivatives of Phenol *Manufacture of Picric Acid *Other Nitro Derivatives of Phenols *Picric Acid Ethers *Nitro Derivatives of Anilene *Nitro Derivatives of Azo- and Hydrazo-Benzenes *Aliphatic Nitro Compounds *Nitronitroso and Nitroso Compounds ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeI-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 1]] a83c19f947af77478588560e3f03a0cca813e381 42 33 2019-04-06T07:13:13Z B00m 2 /* Contents */ wikitext text/x-wiki The book is a masterly treatise, reflecting the author's intimate knowledge of his subject. The manufacture and chemical, physical, and physiological properties of nitro compounds of interest in the technology of explosives are given detailed treatment. The explosives materials collection covered by this "cookbook" is not complete, of course. It will never be. It may anyway serve as a convenient guide for all occasional or professional users of explosives showing essentially what is available. Each one of the recipes is only a suggestion. It has been tried in this laboratory and it works, but it does not mean that a variation of the recipe does not work. In fact, the most of the recipes still permit substantial improvements. It may remain to the individual explosives materials chemist to work out such improvements. The book is well worth its relatively modest price and is recommended to all with interest in this interesting and actually little known area. ==Contents== CHAPTER I. NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS CHAPTER II. NITRATION THEORIES CHAPTER III. NITRATION AGENTS AND METHODS MORE RARELY USED CHAPTER IV. NITRATION WITH NITRATING MIXTURES CHAPTER V. GENERAL INFORMATION ON NITRO COMPOUNDS CHAPTER VI. AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS CHAPTER VII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF BENZENE CHAPTER VIA. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE CHAPTER IX. TNT MANUFACTURE CHAPTER X. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF HIGHER BENZENE HOMOLOGUES CHAPTER XI. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF NAPHTHALENE CHAPTER XII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF HALOGENOBENZENES CHAPTER XIII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF PHENOL CHAPTER XIV. MANUFACTURE OF PICRIC ACID CHAPTER XV. OTHER N1TRO DERIVATIVES OF PHENOLS CHAPTER XVI. PICRIC ACID ETHERS CHAPTER XVII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF ANILINE CHAPTER XVIII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF AZO- AND HYDRAZO-BENZENES CHAPTER XIX. ALIPHATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS CHAPTER XX. NITRON1TROSO AND NITROSO COMPOUNDS ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeI-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 1]] ddbcd4cee0f1f4d31eb7213c3042625f2764731d 43 42 2019-04-06T07:17:08Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki PREFACE For quite a long time a reference book has been needed which would provide the reader with adequate information, both theoretical and practical, on the chem- istry and technology of explosives. The objectives of the present book are to fill this gap in the chemical literature. The first edition appeared in Warsaw in Polish in 1953-54. The second, in Czech, was printed in Prague in 1958-59. The third, in German, is being printed in Leipzig. The present fourth edition is a considerably revised and expanded ver- sion of the earlier ones. The chemical, physical and physico-chemical properties of explosives are dealt with, and processes of manufacture are described whenever the substance in question is of practical importance. The basis of all practical knowledge is in the underlying theory. The scientist working on technological problems in industry should never forget that science, however applied, remains a natural philosophy. This is why particular attention is paid here to the chemical and physico-chemical properties of the substances described in the book, and the author has endeavoured to bring this information up to date, hoping that the wide scope of this information will not obscure the main subject, but will help, instead, to avoid narrow specialization which creates the danger of not seeing the wood for the trees. It is also hoped that in widening the scope of the book, it might become useful not only to students and experts on explosives, but also to all who are interested in the chemistry of such substances as nitro compounds, nitramines, nitric esters, nitric salts, azides etc. that may serve as intermediates for organic reactions. As far as processes of manufacture of explosives are concerned, information is obviously restricted, as the exact details are seldom available. However, certain obsolete methods of manufacture are described in detail. They have been included in order to give some idea of the way such processes have developed on the basis of years of experience. This may be of some value, for the manufacture of explo- sives is bound to be dangerous and any method, even an obsolete one, may suggest how risks can be avoided or diminished and the kinds of precaution that can be applied. However, it has been possible to include in the book details of a number of original processes used in the German and Japanese explosives industries during World War II which were revealed after the war mainly in CIOS, BIOS, FIAT and PB publications. Although there was an enormous increase in the use of explosives for destruc- tive purposes in the two World Wars it is still true to say that more explosives have been used in peace than in war. Modern civilization and modern progress would be impossible without explosives. Particular attention has therefore been paid to coal-mine explosives (Vol. III). Also a modest chapter on rocket fuels has been included in the English edition. It is a pleasure to express my thanks to my friends for their interest in this work and their kind assistance. To all of them who helped me to bring my book up to date and to avoid mistakes so easy in so large a book, I express my warmest thanks. My thanks are particularly due to: Professor K. K. Andreyev (Moscow), Pro- fessor J. H. Boyer (New Orleans), Dr. R. S. Cahn (London), Professor W. Cy- bulski (Mikolow, Poland), Dr. L. Deffet (Brussels), Monsieur A. Diels (Brussels), Professor Z. Eckstein (Warsaw), Professor H. Erdtman (Stockholm), Professor A. G. Gorst (Moscow), Professor J. Hackel (Warsaw), Dr. K. Hino (Sanyo-cho, Japan), Professor E. L. Hirst, F. R. S. (Edinburgh), Ingenieur General Fleury (Pa- ris), Professor R. N. Jones (Ottawa), Mr. H. Konopacki, M.Sc. (Warsaw), Mr. Kos- ciukiewicz, M.Sc. (Warsaw), Dr. Bernard Lewis (Pittsburgh, Pa.), Ingenieur en Chef Nicolas (Paris), Professor R. G. W. Norrish, F.R.S. (Cambridge), Professor (Mrs) E. Yu. Orlova (Moscow), Dr. J. Plucinski, (Wroclaw), Professor E. Plazek (Wroclaw), Professor A. Quilico (Milan), Dr. S. Raczynski (Warsaw), Professor D. Smolenski (Wroclaw), Dr. S. Ropuszyriski (Wroclaw), Ingenieur General Taver- nier (Paris), A. T. Thomas, M. Sc. (Orpington), Professor A. J. Titov (Moscow), Academician A. V. Topchiyev (Moscow), Dr. J. Trommel (Ouderkerk aan de Am- stel, Netherlands), Dr. R. W. Van Dolah (Pittsburgh, Pa.), Professor T. H. West- heimer (Cambridge, Mass.), Professor C. A. Winkler (Montreal), Dr. E. Wozniak (Warsaw), Professor G. F. Wright (Toronto), Dr. Mutsuo Yokogawa (Sanyocho, Japan), Professor Sukonori Yamamoto (Tokyo). My thanks are also due to the following organizations and firms which supplied me with most valuable information, photographs, diagrams, etc.: Aktiebolaget Bofors (Bofors), Association des Fabricants Beiges d'Explosifs (Liege), Aktiebola- get Chematur (Stockholm), Draiswerke G. m. b. H. (Mannheim-Waldhof), E. I. du Pant de Nemours & Co (Wilmington, Delaware), Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Nobel Division (Glasgow), Nitroglycerin Aktiebolaget (Gyttorp, Sweden), Poudreries Reunies de Belgique (Brussels), Service des Poudres (Paris), Thiokol Chemical Corporation (Bristol, Pa.), Dr. Mario Biazzi (Vevey). My thanks are also due to: Miss I. A. Nowak, M.Sc. and Mr. W. Kutkiewicz, M.Sc. who helped me in collecting the literature references, to Mr. L. Stefaniak, M.Sc. and Mr. J. Kalinowski, M.SC. for their assistance in preparing the indexes, to Miss D. Chylinska, B. SC. Mrs. A. Malawska, M. Sc. for their fine skilled editorial work, to Mrs. I. Jeczalikowa, for her effort in translating the original text, to Mi's. Sylvia Laverton, F.R.I.C. for her excellent achievement in the difficult task of tidying up the English text, and to the publishers, both English-Mr. Robert Maxwell, M.C.. and Polish-Mr. A. Bromberg, for giving me every help. Finally I would like to express my thanks to all editors and authors who have granted their permission to reproduce the figures and diagrams reprinted from their work. With the large field dealt with in the book, many important papers must have been overlooked and I should be grateful if readers would call my attention to any omissions so that corrections and additions could be made in the future. ==Contents== CHAPTER I. NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS CHAPTER II. NITRATION THEORIES CHAPTER III. NITRATION AGENTS AND METHODS MORE RARELY USED CHAPTER IV. NITRATION WITH NITRATING MIXTURES CHAPTER V. GENERAL INFORMATION ON NITRO COMPOUNDS CHAPTER VI. AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS CHAPTER VII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF BENZENE CHAPTER VIA. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE CHAPTER IX. TNT MANUFACTURE CHAPTER X. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF HIGHER BENZENE HOMOLOGUES CHAPTER XI. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF NAPHTHALENE CHAPTER XII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF HALOGENOBENZENES CHAPTER XIII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF PHENOL CHAPTER XIV. MANUFACTURE OF PICRIC ACID CHAPTER XV. OTHER N1TRO DERIVATIVES OF PHENOLS CHAPTER XVI. PICRIC ACID ETHERS CHAPTER XVII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF ANILINE CHAPTER XVIII. NITRO DERIVATIVES OF AZO- AND HYDRAZO-BENZENES CHAPTER XIX. ALIPHATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS CHAPTER XX. NITRON1TROSO AND NITROSO COMPOUNDS ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeI-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 1]] a1036551c4e0b59489018b5f1e45a310ca555cc2 6 25 29 2019-04-04T03:59:40Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 26 30 2019-04-04T04:41:18Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 27 31 2019-04-04T05:02:15Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 28 32 2019-04-04T05:30:28Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 29 34 2019-04-05T04:00:13Z B00m 2 Created page with "The book is a masterly treatise, reflecting the author's intimate knowledge of his subject. The manufacture and chemical, physical, and physiological properties of nitro compo..." wikitext text/x-wiki The book is a masterly treatise, reflecting the author's intimate knowledge of his subject. The manufacture and chemical, physical, and physiological properties of nitro compounds of interest in the technology of explosives are given detailed treatment. The explosives materials collection covered by this "cookbook" is not complete, of course. It will never be. It may anyway serve as a convenient guide for all occasional or professional users of explosives showing essentially what is available. Each one of the recipes is only a suggestion. It has been tried in this laboratory and it works, but it does not mean that a variation of the recipe does not work. In fact, the most of the recipes still permit substantial improvements. It may remain to the individual explosives materials chemist to work out such improvements. The book is well worth its relatively modest price and is recommended to all with interest in this interesting and actually little known area. ==Content== *Nitric Esters - General Outline *Glycerol Trinitrate (Nitroglycerine) *Production of Nitroglycerine *Other Glycerine Esters *Glycol Esters *Monohydroxylic Alcohol Esters *Polyhydroxylic Alcohol Esters *Polyhydroxylic Branched-Chain and Cyclic Alcohol Esters *Cellulose and Nitrocellulose *General Characteristics of Nitrocellulose *Chemical Properties of Nitrocellulose *Nitration of Cellulose *Nitrocellulose Manufacture *Stabilization of Nitrocellulose *Manufacturing Special Types of Nitrocellulose *Nitric Esters of Polysaccharides Other Then Cellulose. Nitro-Derivatives of Lignin and Abietic Acid *Sugar Nitrates ("Nitrosugars") *Esters of Oxy-Acids of Chlorine *Salts of Nitric Acid *Salts of Oxy-Acids of Chlorine ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIi-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|caption]] 32fffea09675f6e987636d0ab96f620c93ef3e98 41 34 2019-04-06T07:10:35Z B00m 2 /* Content */ wikitext text/x-wiki The book is a masterly treatise, reflecting the author's intimate knowledge of his subject. The manufacture and chemical, physical, and physiological properties of nitro compounds of interest in the technology of explosives are given detailed treatment. The explosives materials collection covered by this "cookbook" is not complete, of course. It will never be. It may anyway serve as a convenient guide for all occasional or professional users of explosives showing essentially what is available. Each one of the recipes is only a suggestion. It has been tried in this laboratory and it works, but it does not mean that a variation of the recipe does not work. In fact, the most of the recipes still permit substantial improvements. It may remain to the individual explosives materials chemist to work out such improvements. The book is well worth its relatively modest price and is recommended to all with interest in this interesting and actually little known area. ==Content== CHAPTER I. NITRIC ESTERS - GENERAL OUTLINE CHAPTER II. GLYCEROL TRINITRATE (NITROGLYCERINE) CHAPTER m. PRODUCTION OF NITROGLYCERINE CHAPTER IV. OTHER GLYCERINE ESTERS CHAPTER V. GLYCOL ESTERS CHAPTER VI. MONOHYDROXYLIC ALCOHOL ESTERS CHAPTER VII. POLYHYDROXYLIC ALCOHOL ESTERS CHAPTER Vm. POLYHYDROXYLIC BRANCHED-CHAIN AND CYCLIC CHAPTER IX. CELLULOSE AND NITROCELLULOSE CHAPTER X. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NITROCELLULOSE CHAPTER XI. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITROCELLULOSE CHAPTER XII. NITRATION OF CELLULOSE CHAPTER XIII. NITROCELLULOSE MANUFACTURE CHAPTER XIV. STABILIZATION OF NITROCELLULOSE CHAPTER XV. MANUFACTURING SPECIAL TYPES OF NITROCELLULOSE CHAPTER XVI. NITRIC ESTERS OF POLYSACCHARIDES OTHER THAN CHAPTER XVII. SUGAR NITRATES (“NITROSUGARS”) CHAPTER XVIII. ESTERS OF OXY-ACIDS OF CHLORINE CHAPTER XIX. SALTS OF NITRIC ACID CHAPTER XX. SALTS OF OXY-ACIDS OF CHLORINE ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIi-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|caption]] d9951ad0070d4cb14c85b35a62d6ee104493b869 0 30 35 2019-04-05T04:11:38Z B00m 2 Created page with "A very good Book. ==Contents== many ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|caption]]" wikitext text/x-wiki A very good Book. ==Contents== many ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|caption]] 3d630dc1ea497d001efce64a8e1e95c15d74cdb4 39 35 2019-04-06T07:05:08Z B00m 2 /* Contents */ wikitext text/x-wiki A very good Book. ==Contents== Part 1 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. ALIPHATIC NITRAMINES AND NITRAMIDES CHAPTER III. AROMATIC NITRAMINES CHAPTER IV. HETEROCYCLIC NITRAMINES Part 2 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. FULMINIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER III. HYDRAZOIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER IV. OTHER INITIATING EXPLOSIVES Part 3 CHAPTER I. HIGH EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER II. LIQUID EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER III. BLACKPOWDER CHAPTER IV. COMPOSITE PROPELLANTS FOR ROCKETS CHAPTER V. MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VI. THE MANUFACTURE OF MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VII. SMOKELESS POWDER CHAPTER VIII. THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKELESS POWDER ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|caption]] 6b3fecc121f82a6e7c75030a08f13873fc6b3984 40 39 2019-04-06T07:07:23Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki PREFACE TO VOLUME III The manuscript of Volume III was submitted to the publishers in 1960. Owing to the rapid progress in the many branches of chemistry and chemical technology that form the scope of this volume, some paragraphs became obsolete and it has therefore been necessary to add some new items and to rewrite certain paragraphs. The necessary information obtained from the current literature has been sup- plemented with data from a number of colleagues who kindly made available some less accessible material. It is my pleasant duty to express my thanks to Prof. S. Claesson (Uppsala), Prof. M. A. Cook (University of Utah, Salt Lake City), Prof. W. Cybulski (Mikolow, Poland), Dr. L. Deffet (Sterrebeck, Belgium), Dr. R. W. Van Dolah (Pittsburgh, Pa.), Dr. A. G. Grenier (Dow Chemical International, Midland, Michigan), Prof. J. Hackel (Warsaw), Prof. M. Kryszewski (Lodz), Dr. J. Meissner (Frankfurt a./M.), Prof. H, Sudo (Tokyo), Dr. A. Wetterholm (Gyttorp, Sweden) and to the firms: Draiswerke G.m.b.H., Maschinenfabrik (Mannheim- Waldhof), Olin Industries, Inc. (East Alton, 111.), H. Orth G.m.b.H. Fachbiiro fiir Verfahrensteclmik (Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim, Pfalz), Werner & Pfleiderer, Maschi- nenfabriken und Ofenbau (Stuttgart). Some of the problems, such as safety in coal mines, merit a special monographic treatment which should go far beyond the scope of this volume. Therefore safety in coal mines was tackled only from the point of view of the composition of coal mine explosives. Another rapidly developing branch of applied science is theory and practice of rocket propulsion. Only general information on composition of rocket propellants is given in the book. This is justified, as several special books on rocket fuel are now available. My thanks are due to the translator, Mr. M. Jurecki and to Mrs. Sylvia Laverton, F.R.I.C. for tidying up the English text and to Mrs. A. Malawska, M.Sc. for her skilled editorial work. ==contents== Part 1 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. ALIPHATIC NITRAMINES AND NITRAMIDES CHAPTER III. AROMATIC NITRAMINES CHAPTER IV. HETEROCYCLIC NITRAMINES Part 2 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. FULMINIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER III. HYDRAZOIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER IV. OTHER INITIATING EXPLOSIVES Part 3 CHAPTER I. HIGH EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER II. LIQUID EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER III. BLACKPOWDER CHAPTER IV. COMPOSITE PROPELLANTS FOR ROCKETS CHAPTER V. MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VI. THE MANUFACTURE OF MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VII. SMOKELESS POWDER CHAPTER VIII. THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKELESS POWDER ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|caption]] efa51dde9798fe044871800d7811ac01b7d8dd74 0 31 36 2019-04-05T04:17:40Z B00m 2 Created page with "A very good Book. ==Contents== many ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIv-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|caption]]" wikitext text/x-wiki A very good Book. ==Contents== many ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIv-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|caption]] 1946060301a8c2157300e63073f45f35c7f7f49b 37 36 2019-04-06T06:56:36Z B00m 2 /* Contents */ wikitext text/x-wiki A very good Book. ==Contents== Chapter 1. Nitration and nitrating agents 21 Chapter 2. Nitration of aromatic systems 46 Chapter 3. Structures and physico-chemical properties of Chapter 4. Reactivity of aromatic nitro compounds 96 Chapter 5. Photochemistry of nitro compounds 129 Chapter 6. Nitro derivatives of benzene, toluene and other aromatics 138 Chapter 7. Heat resistant explosives 202 Chapter 8. Aliphatic nitro compounds 218 Chapter 9. Difluoroamino compounds 270 Chapter 10. Esters 281 Chapter 11 . Production of nitrate esters 324 Chapter 12. Carbohydrate nitrates 339 Chapter 13. AJ-Nitro compounds (JV-nitramines and A-nitramides) 354 Chapter 14. Explosive polymers 404 Chapter 15. Recovery of spent acids 422 Chapter 16. Salts of nitric acid and of oxy-acids of chlorine 437 Chapter 17. Primary explosives: initiators, initiating explosives (IE) 462 Chapter 18. Black powder (gun powder) 506 Chapter 19. Commercial (Mining) Explosives 515 Chapter 20. The manufacture of commercial (mining) explosives 558 Chapter 21 . Liquid explosives 568 Chapter 22. Smokeless powder 577 Chapter 23. Composite propellants 602 Chapter 24. Problems of safety in the manufacture Chapter 25. Toxicity of explosives 627 ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIv-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|caption]] 5629a56b3f72c9025cb4afe4e6d85516628a4685 38 37 2019-04-06T07:01:25Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Since 1964-67 when the previous three volumes of Chemistry and Technology of Explosives appeared, considerable progress has been made in the field of the science of explosives - the science in a broader sense which includes not only the theoretical knowledge of explosives but also their manufacture, problems of safety in the manufacturing processes and handling. As in the previous three volumes the author limited his text to chemistry and technology of explosives. The problems of the theory of detonation and analyti- cal ones are not discussed here and are only touched as much as it was needed to understand the properties of explosives. Thus in the 'Introduction' chapter a description is given of the relationship between the chemical structure and the parameters of the explosive properties, as this refers to the structural problems of organic substances possessing such properties. However, the author wishes to point out that he is not giving the full review of the existing progress for some particular reasons — a general philosophy for Peace in the World and some personal reason as a former POW. He is completely against the use of explosives for military purposes and has dedicated his book to peaceful applications. The author wishes to quote from the book by S. Fordham, High Explosives and Propellants (Pergamon Press): "The explosives technologist, who has usually seen and perhaps even experienced the effects of explosives is the last to want war or for his products to be used for warlike purposes. It is no accident that Nobel who founded the modem explosives industry also founded the Peace Prize associated with his name". Once more the author would like to repeat what he said in the preface to his book in 1964-67: ". . . more explosives have been used in peace than in war. Modem civilization and modem progress would be impossible without explos- ives." Nevertheless, following this line of thought no mention is made in this book on shells, projectiles, fuses etc., or other parts of military weapons. How- ever it is still difficult to distinguish between military and peaceful application of military weapons. Here are a few examples: Gas burning from a newly drilled oil pit in Karlin in Northern Poland in 1981 was successfully extinguished with howitzer shells; the danger of an avalanche of snow can be prevented by firing special guns with shells filled ==Contents== Chapter 1. Nitration and nitrating agents 21 Chapter 2. Nitration of aromatic systems 46 Chapter 3. Structures and physico-chemical properties of Chapter 4. Reactivity of aromatic nitro compounds 96 Chapter 5. Photochemistry of nitro compounds 129 Chapter 6. Nitro derivatives of benzene, toluene and other aromatics 138 Chapter 7. Heat resistant explosives 202 Chapter 8. Aliphatic nitro compounds 218 Chapter 9. Difluoroamino compounds 270 Chapter 10. Esters 281 Chapter 11 . Production of nitrate esters 324 Chapter 12. Carbohydrate nitrates 339 Chapter 13. AJ-Nitro compounds (JV-nitramines and A-nitramides) 354 Chapter 14. Explosive polymers 404 Chapter 15. Recovery of spent acids 422 Chapter 16. Salts of nitric acid and of oxy-acids of chlorine 437 Chapter 17. Primary explosives: initiators, initiating explosives (IE) 462 Chapter 18. Black powder (gun powder) 506 Chapter 19. Commercial (Mining) Explosives 515 Chapter 20. The manufacture of commercial (mining) explosives 558 Chapter 21 . Liquid explosives 568 Chapter 22. Smokeless powder 577 Chapter 23. Composite propellants 602 Chapter 24. Problems of safety in the manufacture Chapter 25. Toxicity of explosives 627 ==Book== [[File:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIv-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|caption]] 54e60ed651022049bae6d321e26f51d08bb787bd 0 32 44 2019-09-06T04:07:56Z B00m 2 Created page with "'''''The Anarchist Cookbook''''', first published in 1971,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book | title=The Anarchist Cookbook LoC entry |lccn = 71127797}}</ref> is a book th..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Anarchist Cookbook''''', first published in 1971,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book | title=The Anarchist Cookbook LoC entry |lccn = 71127797}}</ref> is a book that contains instructions for the manufacture of [[Explosive material|explosives]], rudimentary telecommunications [[phreaking]] devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for home manufacturing of illicit drugs, including [[LSD]]. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="Salon">{{cite news | url=http://www.salon.com/2000/09/18/anarchy/ | title=Blowing up ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' | first=Katharine | last=Mieszkowski | work=[[Salon.com]] | date=September 18, 2000 | accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref> Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation, but the copyright belonged to the publisher who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. == History == === Creation === ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was written by William Powell as a teenager and first published in 1971 at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="Salon"/> Powell gained inspiration for his text from his experiences with Vietnam veterans during his time living in Manhattan. During this time, the pacifist movements of the 1960s began to take a more violent turn, having been responsible for over a hundred politically inspired bombings. Powell began plans to become a writer but decided upon a political course when he was drafted to the Vietnam war, which inspired him to write "recipes" and later compile them into a "cookbook".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Dokoupil |first1=Tony |title=Sorry About All the Bombs: William Powell wrote a terrorist bible. Forty Years Later, he revisits his work. |work=[[Newsweek]] |volume=157 |issue=9 |date=2011-02-28 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/854940252 |issn=0028-9604 |via=[[ProQuest]] |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The initial vision of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was to post instructional flyers in Manhattan, including how to properly throw a [[Molotov cocktail]] and how to make LSD. These "recipes" were eventually adapted to make up an entire book.<ref name=Thompson>{{Cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Tony |title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author |work=[[The Observer]] |date=2000-06-11 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jun/11/booksnews.uksecurity |issn=0029-7712 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> From 1968 to 1970, Powell began researching in the "U.S. Combat Bookshelf" at the New York Public Library, including external texts such as ''The [[Boy Scout Handbook]]'', ''Fuck the System'' by [[Abbie Hoffman]], and other popular anarchist texts. The initial manuscript was sent to Lyle Stuart in 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Powell stated ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was initially designed as a book meant to provide education towards "the silent majority" of the American population. He described that the book was not intended for extant political fringe organizations, rather it was designed to galvanize a great societal change by inciting the general population. The ultimate goal of the text was to provide the general population with the skills and capabilities to organize against fascist, capitalist, and communist threats that he perceived. Powell stated "The central idea to the book was that violence is an acceptable means to bring about political change," a sentiment he would renounce later in life.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> === Author remorse === After writing the book as a teenager, Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Saner|first=Emine|title=Why the author of The Anarchist Cookbook wants it taken off the shelves|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/dec/18/why-anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-off-shelves|work=The Guardian|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Salon"/> In 1979, Powell left the United States, traveling to the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia. There he worked as a faculty member for international schools backed by the United States. During this time, he began writing about pedagogy and conflict resolution. This led him to renounce his book and instead campaign for its discontinuation.<ref name=":1" /> He was unable to legally stop publication of ''The Anarchist's Cookbook'' because the [[copyright]] had been issued to the original publisher ([[Lyle Stuart]]), and subsequent publishers that purchased the rights have kept the title in print. Powell publicly renounced his book in a 2013 piece calling for the book to "quickly and quietly go out of print".<ref>{{cite news |title=I wrote the Anarchist Cookbook in 1969. Now I see its premise as flawed |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 December 2013|accessdate=19 December 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/19/anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-out-of-print}}</ref> Having written the book, Powell had difficulty finding employment throughout his life, having described the book as "a youthful indiscretion or mistake that can haunt someone during their early years or even longer."<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Langer |first1=Emily |title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 66 |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=2017-03-30 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/william-powell-author-who-later-renounced-his-notorious-volume-the-anarchist-cookbook-dies-at-66/2017/03/30/76838842-1551-11e7-9e4f-09aa75d3ec57_story.html |language=en |accessdate=2019-04-30 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2011, Powell and his wife, Ochan Kusuma-Powell, founded Next Frontier: Inclusion, a nonprofit serving children with developmental and learning disabilities, describing it as a means to atone for writing the text.<ref name=":4" /> William Powell died of cardiac arrest on 11 July 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Richard Sandomir|title=William Powell, Anarchist Cookbook writer, Dies at 66|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/arts/william-powell-anarchist-cookbook-writer-dies.html?_r=0|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 March 2017}}</ref> === Publication status === Powell originally sent the manuscript to over 30 publishers until Lyle Stuart bought the book and its copyright. Powell received royalties for the book, approximately $35,000, until he split with the company in 1976.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1892920338|title=William Powell: Angry young man who inspired terrorists, hijackers and crackpots before he became a teacher of children with special needs|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Despite Powell's protest against the continued publication of the test, the copyright of the book never belonged to its author, but to its publisher [[Lyle Stuart]].<ref name="Salon"/> The publisher Lyle Stuart Inc agreed to publish the text as an attempt to defy the CIA and FBI's efforts to obtain lists of people who checked out books that were deemed subversive.<ref name=":2" /> Stuart kept publishing the book until the company was bought in 1991 by Steven Schragis, who decided to drop it. Out of the 2,000 books published by the company, it was the only one that Schragis decided to stop publishing. Schragis said publishers have a responsibility to the public, and the book had no positive social purpose that could justify keeping it in print.<ref name="nym">{{Cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Dinitia |title=The Happy Hawker: Tyro Publisher Steven Schragis's Genius for Promoting Schlock |work=[[New York Magazine]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |page=46<!--full article is 40–46--> |date=1992-01-06 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-MCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46 |issn=0028-7369 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The copyright was bought in 2002 by Delta Press (aka Ozark Press<ref>[http://katv.com/archive/arkansas-publisher-keeping-controversial-book-on-the-shelves Arkansas publisher keeping controversial book on the shelves] (2015 April 21)</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/2011/01/pl_print_anarchistcookbook/ The Anarchist Cookbook Turns 40] (2011 January 31)</ref>) an [[Arkansas]]-based publisher that specializes in controversial books, where the title is their "most-asked-for volume".<ref name=NBCNews17Dec /> As of 2016, over two million copies of the book have been sold.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882356577|title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 6: His 1971 guide to drugs, booby traps, sabotage, hand-to-hand combat and explosives sold more than 2 million copies.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> == Content summary == === Foreword === The Anarchist Cookbook begins with a Foreword section, detailing the author's intentions for the text. At the time of writing, Powell believed that the United States was slowly declining towards communism, thus he found it necessary to pen a book that guided people on revolution against this transition. He championed the idea of "bringing America back to where she was two hundred years ago", believing his revolutionary ideals to be reactionary, rather than proactive.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title='Power Must Be Taken': Excerpts From 'The Anarchist Cookbook' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-12-22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/books/excerpts-from-the-anarchist-cookbook.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Powell begins with his vision for the book in how it is intended to educate a galvanize the public to make tangible change in their home countries. Powell states that fringe political organizations, such [[Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)|The Minutemen]] and [[Weather Underground|The Weathermen]], are not the intended audience, rather it is written for "the silent majority". Powell envisioned the United State people rebelling against what he deemed to be oppressive capitalistic ideals, and to a lesser extent, against fascist and communist movements.<ref name=":3" /> === Content === Powell begins the content of his book discussing anarchy and anarchist theory. Anarchy, by his definition, is a wide scale mass uprising by the people, similar to that of civil disobedience through violence.<ref name=":3" /> He believed that anarchy was the innate state of all individuals, and therefore human nature would drive people to participate in such practices. Powell believed that current expressions of politics, arts, music, and education all contained innate principles of anarchist ideals, thereby equating anarchism to individualism. This principle drives Powell's argumentation as he believed that the current political climate and Vietnam war had undermined human values, therefore revolution based upon his perception of human dignity and freedom was what drove him to write the piece. He ends his introduction by warning of the seriousness that these recipes may have deadly consequences if used improperly.<ref name=":3" /> The chapters of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' include descriptions and detailed instructions in hand-to-hand combat, explosives, booby traps, drugs, tear gas, sabotage and demolition, surveillance, improvised weapons and other topics related to anarchism.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> == Reception == === Legal reviews === At the time of its publication, one [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] memo described ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' as "one of the crudest, low-brow, paranoiac writing efforts ever attempted".<ref>[[Jesse Walker|Walker, Jesse]] (2011-02-16) [http://reason.com/blog/2011/02/16/the-fbi-on-the-anarchist-cookb The FBI on ''The Anarchist Cookbook''], ''[[Reason magazine|Reason]]''</ref> The book was reviewed by the Department of Justice, the White House, the FBI, and by both [[John Dean]] and [[Mark Felt]], [[Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon's]] lawyer and [[J. Edgar Hoover|FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover']]<nowiki/>s associate director respectively. While having concerns about the text, the FBI concluded that it could not be regulated as it was published through [[mass media]].<ref name=":1" /> Furthermore, the FBI ruled that the Anarchist Cookbook does not incite "forcible resistance to any law of the United States" and is therefore protected under the First Amendment.<ref name=":5" /> While much of the text was deemed to be inaccurate, the FBI concluded that the chapter on explosives "appears to be accurate in most respects".<ref name=":5" /> Since its conception, the FBI has kept records of the book, releasing the bulk of its investigation file in 2010.<ref>[https://www.governmentattic.org/4docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook] Retrieved on February 14, 2011</ref><ref>[http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf Mirror of "FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708233552/http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf |date=July 8, 2015 }} Retrieved on July 24, 2013</ref> === Anarchism === Advocates of [[anarchism]] dispute the association of the book with anarchist political philosophy. The anarchist collective [[CrimethInc.]], which published the book ''[[Recipes for Disaster|Recipes for Disaster: An Anarchist Cookbook]]'' in response, denounces the earlier book, saying it was "not composed or released by anarchists, not derived from anarchist practice, not intended to promote freedom and autonomy or challenge repressive power – and was barely a cookbook, as most of the recipes in it are notoriously unreliable".<ref>''[[The Guardian]]'', September 2004, as quoted at [http://www.crimethinc.com/books/rfd.html CWC Books : Recipes For Disaster] Retrieved on November 22, 2007</ref> == Media presence == === Internet/Media === Much of the publication was copied and made available as text documents online<ref name=kernel>{{cite web|last=Sankin |first=Aaron |url=http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/headline-story/12210/anarchist-cookbook-history-usenet/ |title=The Kernel |publisher=Kernelmag.dailydot.com |date=2015-03-22 |accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> through [[Usenet]] and [[FTP]] sites hosted in academic institutions in the early 1990s, and has been made available via [[web browsers]] from their inception in the mid-1990s to the present day. The name varies slightly from ''Anarchist Cookbook'' to ''Anarchy Cookbook'' and the topics have expanded vastly in the intervening decades. Many of the articles were attributed to an anonymous author called "The Jolly Roger". In 2001, British businessman Terrance Brown created the now defunct website anarchist-cookbook.com and sold copies of his derivative work, titled ''Anarchist Cookbook 2000''. Knowledge of the book, or copied online publications of it, increased along with the increase in public access to the Internet throughout the mid-1990s. Newspapers ran stories about how easy the text was to get hold of, and the influence it may have had with terrorists, criminals, and experimental teenagers.<ref name=kernel /> === Film === {{see also|American Anarchist}} The book was a frequent target for [[Book censorship|censorship]] throughout the 1990s.<ref>American Library Association: [http://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/100-most-frequently-challenged-books-1990%E2%80%931999 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999]</ref> It served as a central element of the 2002 [[romantic comedy]] ''[[The Anarchist Cookbook (film)|The Anarchist Cookbook]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-anarchist-cookbook|title=The Anarchist Cookbook Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> Repercussions from the book's publication, and the author's subsequent disavowal of its content, were the subject of the 2016 [[documentary film]] ''[[American Anarchist]]'' by Charlie Siskel. In the film, William Powell explains in depth his thoughts on the book and the consequences it had in his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/american-anarchist|title=American Anarchist Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> It further explores the themes of responsibility and repercussions that decision can have on one's life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882781392|title=The long-lasting effects of revolutionary rhetoric explored in doc 'American Anarchist'|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Powell's passing in 2016 received little media coverage until the release of American Anarchist, which was released a few months after his death.<ref name=":0" /> == People who have used the book == In 1976, police linked the bombing of Grand Central Terminal and hijacking of a TWA flight to Croatian radicals who employed directions from ''The Anarchist Cookbook.''<ref name=":1" /> In 1981, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was linked to Puerto Rican rebels who bombed a FBI headquarters using the book's directions. Thomas Spinks also employed the text during the bombings of 10 abortion clinics in the United States.<ref name=":1" /> In 1995, the perpetrators of the Oklahoma City bombing were alleged to have used directions from this book.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, police found ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' in possession of the individuals who carried out the [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine High School shooting]] in [[Littleton, Colorado]]. It is believed they drew inspiration from the text.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, imitations of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was used by the London Nail Bomber, David Copeland, who killed three people. These imitations included ''The Terrorists' Handbook'' and ''How to Make Bombs''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/250474767|title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author The man whose 'Anarchist Cookbook' helped fuel three decades of terrorism admits: I was misguided|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2002, the Canadian government permitted the book to be imported for the United States. Canada Customs and Revenue Agency concluded the book does not violate either hate or obscenity laws, therefore the previous ban on the text was resolved.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anarchist book legal |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |page=A5 |date=2002-12-15 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/252946714 |via=[[ProQuest]] |quote=...the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency says there is nothing to prevent [the book's] legal sale in Canada because it violates neither the hate law nor obscenity law.|df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2007, a 17-year-old was arrested in the [[United Kingdom]] and faced charges under [[Terrorism in the UK|anti-terrorism law in the UK]] for possession of this book, among other things.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boy in court on terror charges|work=BBC News |date=2007-10-05 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7030096.stm }}</ref> He was cleared of all charges in October 2008, after arguing that he was a prankster who just wanted to research fireworks and smoke bombs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teenage bomb plot accused cleared |work=BBC News |date=2008-10-23 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bradford/7685636.stm}}</ref> In [[County Durham]], UK in 2010, [[Ian Davison]] and his son were imprisoned under anti-terrorism laws for the manufacturing of [[ricin]], and their possession of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'', along with its availability, was noted by the authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=County Durham terror plot father and son are jailed |work=BBC News |date=2010-05-14 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/8682132.stm}}</ref> This led to a London judge and police campaigning to have the book banned in the UK.<ref name=":1" /> In 2011, the book was linked to the Tucson shooting of U.S. Rep. [[Gabby Giffords|Gabrielle Giffords]] (D-Ariz) who was wounded in the incident.<ref name=":4" /> In 2012, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was found to have been in the possession of the perpetrator of the Aurora theater shooting.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 2013, renewed calls were made in the United States to ban this book, citing links to [[Arapahoe High School (Centennial, Colorado)#Shooting|a school shooting]] in Colorado, USA by Karl Pierson.<ref name=NBCNews17Dec>{{cite web |last=Dokoupil |first=Tony |title=After latest shooting, murder manual author calls for book to be taken 'immediately' out of print |url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/12/17/21938739-after-latest-shooting-murder-manual-author-calls-for-book-to-be-taken-immediately-out-of-print |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=17 December 2013 |accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref> In 2015, the [[London Public Transport Bombings|London public-transport bombers]] were linked to having used this book.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, United States Senator Dianne Feinstein (D- Calif) pushed to have the book removed from online databases.<ref name=":0" /> The book was refused classification by the [[Australian Classification Board|Office of Film and Literature Classification]] upon release, thus making the book [[Censorship in Australia|banned in Australia]]. It was classified RC again on 31 October 2016.<ref name="unimelb1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|title=Banned Books in Australia: A Selection|publisher=University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203214917/http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|archivedate=February 3, 2016|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?sid=%2bcCU9dI5cS8GlPdDig3iVQ%253d%253d&ncdctx=D%252fdXurf9RWVzhQkIgiewMipZUW4dXsXHsq4gbFLb6EnqcssKz8wMV8UDM2mkWalB5xYrLxsyq8UzWgOmiob5Fw%253d%253d|title=THE ANARCHIST COOKBOOK|date=October 31, 2016|work=Classification Board|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> In 2017, a 27-year-old was prosecuted in the UK solely for the possession of the book. He was found not guilty.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/10/28/josh-walker-anarchist-cookbook-terrorism-act-uk/|title=How the U.K. Prosecuted a Student on Terrorism Charges for Downloading a Book|first=Ryan|last=Gallagher|date=October 28, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> == See also == * ''[[The Big Book of Mischief]]'' * ''[[The Poor Man's James Bond]]'' * ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' == External links == {{Wikiquote|William Powell (author)|William Powell}} * [https://archive.org/details/AnarchistCookbookFBIFile FBI file on the Anarchist Cookbook, 1971–1999] {{Portal bar|Anarchism|Books|Freedom of speech|1970s}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchist Cookbook, The}} [[Category:1971 books]] [[Category:American non-fiction books]] [[Category:Censored books]] a5d3a412616d357e558fcf1ba668388c9a8de75f 45 44 2019-09-06T04:20:16Z B00m 2 /* Content */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Anarchist Cookbook''''', first published in 1971,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book | title=The Anarchist Cookbook LoC entry |lccn = 71127797}}</ref> is a book that contains instructions for the manufacture of [[Explosive material|explosives]], rudimentary telecommunications [[phreaking]] devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for home manufacturing of illicit drugs, including [[LSD]]. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="Salon">{{cite news | url=http://www.salon.com/2000/09/18/anarchy/ | title=Blowing up ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' | first=Katharine | last=Mieszkowski | work=[[Salon.com]] | date=September 18, 2000 | accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref> Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation, but the copyright belonged to the publisher who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. == History == === Creation === ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was written by William Powell as a teenager and first published in 1971 at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="Salon"/> Powell gained inspiration for his text from his experiences with Vietnam veterans during his time living in Manhattan. During this time, the pacifist movements of the 1960s began to take a more violent turn, having been responsible for over a hundred politically inspired bombings. Powell began plans to become a writer but decided upon a political course when he was drafted to the Vietnam war, which inspired him to write "recipes" and later compile them into a "cookbook".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Dokoupil |first1=Tony |title=Sorry About All the Bombs: William Powell wrote a terrorist bible. Forty Years Later, he revisits his work. |work=[[Newsweek]] |volume=157 |issue=9 |date=2011-02-28 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/854940252 |issn=0028-9604 |via=[[ProQuest]] |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The initial vision of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was to post instructional flyers in Manhattan, including how to properly throw a [[Molotov cocktail]] and how to make LSD. These "recipes" were eventually adapted to make up an entire book.<ref name=Thompson>{{Cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Tony |title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author |work=[[The Observer]] |date=2000-06-11 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jun/11/booksnews.uksecurity |issn=0029-7712 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> From 1968 to 1970, Powell began researching in the "U.S. Combat Bookshelf" at the New York Public Library, including external texts such as ''The [[Boy Scout Handbook]]'', ''Fuck the System'' by [[Abbie Hoffman]], and other popular anarchist texts. The initial manuscript was sent to Lyle Stuart in 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Powell stated ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was initially designed as a book meant to provide education towards "the silent majority" of the American population. He described that the book was not intended for extant political fringe organizations, rather it was designed to galvanize a great societal change by inciting the general population. The ultimate goal of the text was to provide the general population with the skills and capabilities to organize against fascist, capitalist, and communist threats that he perceived. Powell stated "The central idea to the book was that violence is an acceptable means to bring about political change," a sentiment he would renounce later in life.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> === Author remorse === After writing the book as a teenager, Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Saner|first=Emine|title=Why the author of The Anarchist Cookbook wants it taken off the shelves|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/dec/18/why-anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-off-shelves|work=The Guardian|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Salon"/> In 1979, Powell left the United States, traveling to the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia. There he worked as a faculty member for international schools backed by the United States. During this time, he began writing about pedagogy and conflict resolution. This led him to renounce his book and instead campaign for its discontinuation.<ref name=":1" /> He was unable to legally stop publication of ''The Anarchist's Cookbook'' because the [[copyright]] had been issued to the original publisher ([[Lyle Stuart]]), and subsequent publishers that purchased the rights have kept the title in print. Powell publicly renounced his book in a 2013 piece calling for the book to "quickly and quietly go out of print".<ref>{{cite news |title=I wrote the Anarchist Cookbook in 1969. Now I see its premise as flawed |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 December 2013|accessdate=19 December 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/19/anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-out-of-print}}</ref> Having written the book, Powell had difficulty finding employment throughout his life, having described the book as "a youthful indiscretion or mistake that can haunt someone during their early years or even longer."<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Langer |first1=Emily |title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 66 |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=2017-03-30 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/william-powell-author-who-later-renounced-his-notorious-volume-the-anarchist-cookbook-dies-at-66/2017/03/30/76838842-1551-11e7-9e4f-09aa75d3ec57_story.html |language=en |accessdate=2019-04-30 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2011, Powell and his wife, Ochan Kusuma-Powell, founded Next Frontier: Inclusion, a nonprofit serving children with developmental and learning disabilities, describing it as a means to atone for writing the text.<ref name=":4" /> William Powell died of cardiac arrest on 11 July 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Richard Sandomir|title=William Powell, Anarchist Cookbook writer, Dies at 66|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/arts/william-powell-anarchist-cookbook-writer-dies.html?_r=0|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 March 2017}}</ref> === Publication status === Powell originally sent the manuscript to over 30 publishers until Lyle Stuart bought the book and its copyright. Powell received royalties for the book, approximately $35,000, until he split with the company in 1976.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1892920338|title=William Powell: Angry young man who inspired terrorists, hijackers and crackpots before he became a teacher of children with special needs|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Despite Powell's protest against the continued publication of the test, the copyright of the book never belonged to its author, but to its publisher [[Lyle Stuart]].<ref name="Salon"/> The publisher Lyle Stuart Inc agreed to publish the text as an attempt to defy the CIA and FBI's efforts to obtain lists of people who checked out books that were deemed subversive.<ref name=":2" /> Stuart kept publishing the book until the company was bought in 1991 by Steven Schragis, who decided to drop it. Out of the 2,000 books published by the company, it was the only one that Schragis decided to stop publishing. Schragis said publishers have a responsibility to the public, and the book had no positive social purpose that could justify keeping it in print.<ref name="nym">{{Cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Dinitia |title=The Happy Hawker: Tyro Publisher Steven Schragis's Genius for Promoting Schlock |work=[[New York Magazine]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |page=46<!--full article is 40–46--> |date=1992-01-06 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-MCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46 |issn=0028-7369 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The copyright was bought in 2002 by Delta Press (aka Ozark Press<ref>[http://katv.com/archive/arkansas-publisher-keeping-controversial-book-on-the-shelves Arkansas publisher keeping controversial book on the shelves] (2015 April 21)</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/2011/01/pl_print_anarchistcookbook/ The Anarchist Cookbook Turns 40] (2011 January 31)</ref>) an [[Arkansas]]-based publisher that specializes in controversial books, where the title is their "most-asked-for volume".<ref name=NBCNews17Dec /> As of 2016, over two million copies of the book have been sold.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882356577|title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 6: His 1971 guide to drugs, booby traps, sabotage, hand-to-hand combat and explosives sold more than 2 million copies.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> == Content summary == === Foreword === The Anarchist Cookbook begins with a Foreword section, detailing the author's intentions for the text. At the time of writing, Powell believed that the United States was slowly declining towards communism, thus he found it necessary to pen a book that guided people on revolution against this transition. He championed the idea of "bringing America back to where she was two hundred years ago", believing his revolutionary ideals to be reactionary, rather than proactive.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title='Power Must Be Taken': Excerpts From 'The Anarchist Cookbook' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-12-22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/books/excerpts-from-the-anarchist-cookbook.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Powell begins with his vision for the book in how it is intended to educate a galvanize the public to make tangible change in their home countries. Powell states that fringe political organizations, such [[Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)|The Minutemen]] and [[Weather Underground|The Weathermen]], are not the intended audience, rather it is written for "the silent majority". Powell envisioned the United State people rebelling against what he deemed to be oppressive capitalistic ideals, and to a lesser extent, against fascist and communist movements.<ref name=":3" /> === Content === Powell begins the content of his book discussing anarchy and anarchist theory. Anarchy, by his definition, is a wide scale mass uprising by the people, similar to that of civil disobedience through violence.<ref name=":3" /> He believed that anarchy was the innate state of all individuals, and therefore human nature would drive people to participate in such practices. Powell believed that current expressions of politics, arts, music, and education all contained innate principles of anarchist ideals, thereby equating anarchism to individualism. This principle drives Powell's argumentation as he believed that the current political climate and Vietnam war had undermined human values, therefore revolution based upon his perception of human dignity and freedom was what drove him to write the piece. He ends his introduction by warning of the seriousness that these recipes may have deadly consequences if used improperly.<ref name=":3" /> The chapters of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' include descriptions and detailed instructions in hand-to-hand combat, explosives, booby traps, drugs, tear gas, sabotage and demolition, surveillance, improvised weapons and other topics related to anarchism.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== Table of Contents ==== Table of Contents # Counterfeiting Money # Credit Card Fraud # Making Plastic Explosives # Picking Master Locks # The Arts of Lockpicking I # The Arts of Lockpicking II # Solidox Bombs # High Tech Revenge: The Beigebox # COý Bombs # Thermite II Bombs # Touch Explosives # Letter Bombs # Paint Bombs # Ways to send a car to HELL # Do you hate school? # Phone related vandalism # Highway police radar jamming # Smoke Bombs # Mail Box Bombs # Hot-wiring cars # Napalm # Fertilizer Bomb # Tennis Ball Bomb # Diskette Bombs # Unlisted Phone Numbers # Fuses # How to make Potassium Nitrate # Exploding Light bulbs # Under water igniters # Home-brew blast cannon # Chemical Equivalency List # Phone Taps # Landmines # A different Molitov Cocktail # Phone Systems Tutorial I # Phone Systems Tutorial II # Basic Alliance Teleconferencing # Aqua Box Plans # Hindenberg Bomb # How to Kill Someone # Phone Systems Tutorial III # Black Box Plans # The Blotto Box # Blowgun # Brown Box Plans # Calcium Carbide Bomb # More Ways to Send a Car to Hell # Ripping off Change Machines # Clear Box Plans # CNA Number Listing # Electronic Terrorism # Start a Conf# w/o 2600hz or MF # Dynamite # Auto Exhaust Flame Thrower # How to Break into BBs Express # Firebomb # Fuse Bomb # Generic Bomb # Green Box Plans # Portable Grenade Launcher # Basic Hacking Tutorial I # Basic Hacking Tutorial II # Hacking DEC's # Harmless Bombs # Breaking into Houses # Hypnotism # Remote Informer Issue #1 # Jackpotting ATM Machines # Jug Bomb # Fun at K-Mart # Mace Substitute # How to Grow Marijuana # Match Head Bomb # Terrorizing McDonalds # "Mentor's" Last Words # The Myth of the 2600hz Detector # Blue Box Plans # Napalm II # Nitroglycerin Recipe # Operation: Fuckup # Stealing Calls from Payphones # Pool Fun # Free Postage # Unstable Explosives # Weird Drugs # The Art of Carding # Recognizing Credit Cards # How to Get a New Identity # Remote Informer Issue #2 # Remote Informer Issue #3 # Remote Informer Issue #4 # Remote Informer Issue #5 # Phreaker's Guide to Loop Lines # Ma-Bell Tutorial # Getting Money out of Pay Phones # Computer-based PBX # PC-Pursuit Port Statistics # Pearl Box Plans # The Phreak File # Red Box Plans # RemObS # Scarlet Box Plans # Silver Box Plans # Bell Trashing # Canadian WATS Phonebook # Hacking TRW # Hacking VAX & UNIX # Verification Circuits # White Box Plans # The BLAST Box # Dealing with the R&R Operator # Cellular Phone Phreaking # Cheesebox Plans # Start Your Own Conferences # Gold Box Plans # The History of ESS # The Lunch Box # Olive Box Plans # The Tron Box # More TRW Info # "Phreaker's Phunhouse" # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Sodium Chlorate # Mercury Fulminate # Improvised Black Powder # Nitric Acid # Dust Bomb Instructions # Carbon-Tet Explosive # Making Picric Acid from Aspirin # Reclamation of RDX from C-4 # Egg-based Gelled Flame Fuels # Clothespin Switch # Flexible Plate Switch # Low Signature System [Silencers] # Delay Igniter From Cigarette # Nicotine # Dried Seed Timer # Nail Grenade # Bell Glossary # Phone Dial Locks -- Beat'em # Exchange Scanning # A Short History of Phreaking # "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" # The History of British Phreaking # "Bad as Shit" # Telenet # Fucking with the Operator # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 1, Issue 1 # International Country Codes List # Infinity Transmitter Plans # LSD # Bananas# Yummy Marihuana Recipes # Peanuts # Chemical Fire Bottle # Igniter from Book Matches # "Red or White Powder" Propellant # Pipe Hand Grenade # European Credit Card Fraud # Potassium Bomb # Your Legal Rights # Juvenile Offenders' Rights # Down The Road Missle # Fun With Shotgun Shells # Surveillance Equipment # Drip Timer # Stealing # Miscellaneous # Shaving cream bomb # Ripping off change machines II # Lockpicking the EASY way # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Prelude # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 1 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 2 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 3 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 4 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 5 # Explosives and Propellants # Lockpicking III # Chemical Equivalent List II # Nitroglycerin II # Cellulose Nitrate # Starter Explosives # Flash Powder # Exploding Pens # Revised Pipe Bombs # * SAFETY * A MUST READ! # Ammonium TriIodide # Sulfuric Acid & Amm# Nitrate III # Black Powder III # Nitrocellulose # RDX # The Black Gate BBS # ANFOS # Picric Acid II # Bottled Explosives # Dry Ice # Fuses / Ignitors / Delays # Film Canister Bombs # Book Bombs # Phone Bombs # Special Ammunition # Rocketry # Pipe Cannon II # Smoke Bombs # Firecrackers # Suppliers II # Lab-Raid Checklist # Misc Anarchy # Combo Locks II # Misc Anarchy II # Thermite IV == Reception == === Legal reviews === At the time of its publication, one [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] memo described ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' as "one of the crudest, low-brow, paranoiac writing efforts ever attempted".<ref>[[Jesse Walker|Walker, Jesse]] (2011-02-16) [http://reason.com/blog/2011/02/16/the-fbi-on-the-anarchist-cookb The FBI on ''The Anarchist Cookbook''], ''[[Reason magazine|Reason]]''</ref> The book was reviewed by the Department of Justice, the White House, the FBI, and by both [[John Dean]] and [[Mark Felt]], [[Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon's]] lawyer and [[J. Edgar Hoover|FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover']]<nowiki/>s associate director respectively. While having concerns about the text, the FBI concluded that it could not be regulated as it was published through [[mass media]].<ref name=":1" /> Furthermore, the FBI ruled that the Anarchist Cookbook does not incite "forcible resistance to any law of the United States" and is therefore protected under the First Amendment.<ref name=":5" /> While much of the text was deemed to be inaccurate, the FBI concluded that the chapter on explosives "appears to be accurate in most respects".<ref name=":5" /> Since its conception, the FBI has kept records of the book, releasing the bulk of its investigation file in 2010.<ref>[https://www.governmentattic.org/4docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook] Retrieved on February 14, 2011</ref><ref>[http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf Mirror of "FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708233552/http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf |date=July 8, 2015 }} Retrieved on July 24, 2013</ref> === Anarchism === Advocates of [[anarchism]] dispute the association of the book with anarchist political philosophy. The anarchist collective [[CrimethInc.]], which published the book ''[[Recipes for Disaster|Recipes for Disaster: An Anarchist Cookbook]]'' in response, denounces the earlier book, saying it was "not composed or released by anarchists, not derived from anarchist practice, not intended to promote freedom and autonomy or challenge repressive power – and was barely a cookbook, as most of the recipes in it are notoriously unreliable".<ref>''[[The Guardian]]'', September 2004, as quoted at [http://www.crimethinc.com/books/rfd.html CWC Books : Recipes For Disaster] Retrieved on November 22, 2007</ref> == Media presence == === Internet/Media === Much of the publication was copied and made available as text documents online<ref name=kernel>{{cite web|last=Sankin |first=Aaron |url=http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/headline-story/12210/anarchist-cookbook-history-usenet/ |title=The Kernel |publisher=Kernelmag.dailydot.com |date=2015-03-22 |accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> through [[Usenet]] and [[FTP]] sites hosted in academic institutions in the early 1990s, and has been made available via [[web browsers]] from their inception in the mid-1990s to the present day. The name varies slightly from ''Anarchist Cookbook'' to ''Anarchy Cookbook'' and the topics have expanded vastly in the intervening decades. Many of the articles were attributed to an anonymous author called "The Jolly Roger". In 2001, British businessman Terrance Brown created the now defunct website anarchist-cookbook.com and sold copies of his derivative work, titled ''Anarchist Cookbook 2000''. Knowledge of the book, or copied online publications of it, increased along with the increase in public access to the Internet throughout the mid-1990s. Newspapers ran stories about how easy the text was to get hold of, and the influence it may have had with terrorists, criminals, and experimental teenagers.<ref name=kernel /> === Film === {{see also|American Anarchist}} The book was a frequent target for [[Book censorship|censorship]] throughout the 1990s.<ref>American Library Association: [http://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/100-most-frequently-challenged-books-1990%E2%80%931999 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999]</ref> It served as a central element of the 2002 [[romantic comedy]] ''[[The Anarchist Cookbook (film)|The Anarchist Cookbook]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-anarchist-cookbook|title=The Anarchist Cookbook Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> Repercussions from the book's publication, and the author's subsequent disavowal of its content, were the subject of the 2016 [[documentary film]] ''[[American Anarchist]]'' by Charlie Siskel. In the film, William Powell explains in depth his thoughts on the book and the consequences it had in his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/american-anarchist|title=American Anarchist Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> It further explores the themes of responsibility and repercussions that decision can have on one's life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882781392|title=The long-lasting effects of revolutionary rhetoric explored in doc 'American Anarchist'|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Powell's passing in 2016 received little media coverage until the release of American Anarchist, which was released a few months after his death.<ref name=":0" /> == People who have used the book == In 1976, police linked the bombing of Grand Central Terminal and hijacking of a TWA flight to Croatian radicals who employed directions from ''The Anarchist Cookbook.''<ref name=":1" /> In 1981, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was linked to Puerto Rican rebels who bombed a FBI headquarters using the book's directions. Thomas Spinks also employed the text during the bombings of 10 abortion clinics in the United States.<ref name=":1" /> In 1995, the perpetrators of the Oklahoma City bombing were alleged to have used directions from this book.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, police found ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' in possession of the individuals who carried out the [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine High School shooting]] in [[Littleton, Colorado]]. It is believed they drew inspiration from the text.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, imitations of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was used by the London Nail Bomber, David Copeland, who killed three people. These imitations included ''The Terrorists' Handbook'' and ''How to Make Bombs''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/250474767|title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author The man whose 'Anarchist Cookbook' helped fuel three decades of terrorism admits: I was misguided|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2002, the Canadian government permitted the book to be imported for the United States. Canada Customs and Revenue Agency concluded the book does not violate either hate or obscenity laws, therefore the previous ban on the text was resolved.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anarchist book legal |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |page=A5 |date=2002-12-15 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/252946714 |via=[[ProQuest]] |quote=...the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency says there is nothing to prevent [the book's] legal sale in Canada because it violates neither the hate law nor obscenity law.|df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2007, a 17-year-old was arrested in the [[United Kingdom]] and faced charges under [[Terrorism in the UK|anti-terrorism law in the UK]] for possession of this book, among other things.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boy in court on terror charges|work=BBC News |date=2007-10-05 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7030096.stm }}</ref> He was cleared of all charges in October 2008, after arguing that he was a prankster who just wanted to research fireworks and smoke bombs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teenage bomb plot accused cleared |work=BBC News |date=2008-10-23 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bradford/7685636.stm}}</ref> In [[County Durham]], UK in 2010, [[Ian Davison]] and his son were imprisoned under anti-terrorism laws for the manufacturing of [[ricin]], and their possession of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'', along with its availability, was noted by the authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=County Durham terror plot father and son are jailed |work=BBC News |date=2010-05-14 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/8682132.stm}}</ref> This led to a London judge and police campaigning to have the book banned in the UK.<ref name=":1" /> In 2011, the book was linked to the Tucson shooting of U.S. Rep. [[Gabby Giffords|Gabrielle Giffords]] (D-Ariz) who was wounded in the incident.<ref name=":4" /> In 2012, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was found to have been in the possession of the perpetrator of the Aurora theater shooting.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 2013, renewed calls were made in the United States to ban this book, citing links to [[Arapahoe High School (Centennial, Colorado)#Shooting|a school shooting]] in Colorado, USA by Karl Pierson.<ref name=NBCNews17Dec>{{cite web |last=Dokoupil |first=Tony |title=After latest shooting, murder manual author calls for book to be taken 'immediately' out of print |url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/12/17/21938739-after-latest-shooting-murder-manual-author-calls-for-book-to-be-taken-immediately-out-of-print |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=17 December 2013 |accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref> In 2015, the [[London Public Transport Bombings|London public-transport bombers]] were linked to having used this book.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, United States Senator Dianne Feinstein (D- Calif) pushed to have the book removed from online databases.<ref name=":0" /> The book was refused classification by the [[Australian Classification Board|Office of Film and Literature Classification]] upon release, thus making the book [[Censorship in Australia|banned in Australia]]. It was classified RC again on 31 October 2016.<ref name="unimelb1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|title=Banned Books in Australia: A Selection|publisher=University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203214917/http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|archivedate=February 3, 2016|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?sid=%2bcCU9dI5cS8GlPdDig3iVQ%253d%253d&ncdctx=D%252fdXurf9RWVzhQkIgiewMipZUW4dXsXHsq4gbFLb6EnqcssKz8wMV8UDM2mkWalB5xYrLxsyq8UzWgOmiob5Fw%253d%253d|title=THE ANARCHIST COOKBOOK|date=October 31, 2016|work=Classification Board|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> In 2017, a 27-year-old was prosecuted in the UK solely for the possession of the book. He was found not guilty.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/10/28/josh-walker-anarchist-cookbook-terrorism-act-uk/|title=How the U.K. Prosecuted a Student on Terrorism Charges for Downloading a Book|first=Ryan|last=Gallagher|date=October 28, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> == See also == * ''[[The Big Book of Mischief]]'' * ''[[The Poor Man's James Bond]]'' * ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' == External links == {{Wikiquote|William Powell (author)|William Powell}} * [https://archive.org/details/AnarchistCookbookFBIFile FBI file on the Anarchist Cookbook, 1971–1999] {{Portal bar|Anarchism|Books|Freedom of speech|1970s}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchist Cookbook, The}} [[Category:1971 books]] [[Category:American non-fiction books]] [[Category:Censored books]] 9e2f1b0ac5d7eea1402c4a2190e50f7c352c978d 46 45 2019-09-06T04:22:29Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Anarchist Cookbook''''', first published in 1971,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book | title=The Anarchist Cookbook LoC entry |lccn = 71127797}}</ref> is a book that contains instructions for the manufacture of [[Explosive material|explosives]], rudimentary telecommunications [[phreaking]] devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for home manufacturing of illicit drugs, including [[LSD]]. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="Salon">{{cite news | url=http://www.salon.com/2000/09/18/anarchy/ | title=Blowing up ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' | first=Katharine | last=Mieszkowski | work=[[Salon.com]] | date=September 18, 2000 | accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref> Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation, but the copyright belonged to the publisher who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. == History == === Creation === ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was written by William Powell as a teenager and first published in 1971 at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="Salon"/> Powell gained inspiration for his text from his experiences with Vietnam veterans during his time living in Manhattan. During this time, the pacifist movements of the 1960s began to take a more violent turn, having been responsible for over a hundred politically inspired bombings. Powell began plans to become a writer but decided upon a political course when he was drafted to the Vietnam war, which inspired him to write "recipes" and later compile them into a "cookbook".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Dokoupil |first1=Tony |title=Sorry About All the Bombs: William Powell wrote a terrorist bible. Forty Years Later, he revisits his work. |work=[[Newsweek]] |volume=157 |issue=9 |date=2011-02-28 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/854940252 |issn=0028-9604 |via=[[ProQuest]] |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The initial vision of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was to post instructional flyers in Manhattan, including how to properly throw a [[Molotov cocktail]] and how to make LSD. These "recipes" were eventually adapted to make up an entire book.<ref name=Thompson>{{Cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Tony |title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author |work=[[The Observer]] |date=2000-06-11 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jun/11/booksnews.uksecurity |issn=0029-7712 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> From 1968 to 1970, Powell began researching in the "U.S. Combat Bookshelf" at the New York Public Library, including external texts such as ''The [[Boy Scout Handbook]]'', ''Fuck the System'' by [[Abbie Hoffman]], and other popular anarchist texts. The initial manuscript was sent to Lyle Stuart in 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Powell stated ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was initially designed as a book meant to provide education towards "the silent majority" of the American population. He described that the book was not intended for extant political fringe organizations, rather it was designed to galvanize a great societal change by inciting the general population. The ultimate goal of the text was to provide the general population with the skills and capabilities to organize against fascist, capitalist, and communist threats that he perceived. Powell stated "The central idea to the book was that violence is an acceptable means to bring about political change," a sentiment he would renounce later in life.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> === Author remorse === After writing the book as a teenager, Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Saner|first=Emine|title=Why the author of The Anarchist Cookbook wants it taken off the shelves|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/dec/18/why-anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-off-shelves|work=The Guardian|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Salon"/> In 1979, Powell left the United States, traveling to the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia. There he worked as a faculty member for international schools backed by the United States. During this time, he began writing about pedagogy and conflict resolution. This led him to renounce his book and instead campaign for its discontinuation.<ref name=":1" /> He was unable to legally stop publication of ''The Anarchist's Cookbook'' because the [[copyright]] had been issued to the original publisher ([[Lyle Stuart]]), and subsequent publishers that purchased the rights have kept the title in print. Powell publicly renounced his book in a 2013 piece calling for the book to "quickly and quietly go out of print".<ref>{{cite news |title=I wrote the Anarchist Cookbook in 1969. Now I see its premise as flawed |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 December 2013|accessdate=19 December 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/19/anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-out-of-print}}</ref> Having written the book, Powell had difficulty finding employment throughout his life, having described the book as "a youthful indiscretion or mistake that can haunt someone during their early years or even longer."<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Langer |first1=Emily |title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 66 |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=2017-03-30 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/william-powell-author-who-later-renounced-his-notorious-volume-the-anarchist-cookbook-dies-at-66/2017/03/30/76838842-1551-11e7-9e4f-09aa75d3ec57_story.html |language=en |accessdate=2019-04-30 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2011, Powell and his wife, Ochan Kusuma-Powell, founded Next Frontier: Inclusion, a nonprofit serving children with developmental and learning disabilities, describing it as a means to atone for writing the text.<ref name=":4" /> William Powell died of cardiac arrest on 11 July 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Richard Sandomir|title=William Powell, Anarchist Cookbook writer, Dies at 66|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/arts/william-powell-anarchist-cookbook-writer-dies.html?_r=0|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 March 2017}}</ref> === Publication status === Powell originally sent the manuscript to over 30 publishers until Lyle Stuart bought the book and its copyright. Powell received royalties for the book, approximately $35,000, until he split with the company in 1976.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1892920338|title=William Powell: Angry young man who inspired terrorists, hijackers and crackpots before he became a teacher of children with special needs|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Despite Powell's protest against the continued publication of the test, the copyright of the book never belonged to its author, but to its publisher [[Lyle Stuart]].<ref name="Salon"/> The publisher Lyle Stuart Inc agreed to publish the text as an attempt to defy the CIA and FBI's efforts to obtain lists of people who checked out books that were deemed subversive.<ref name=":2" /> Stuart kept publishing the book until the company was bought in 1991 by Steven Schragis, who decided to drop it. Out of the 2,000 books published by the company, it was the only one that Schragis decided to stop publishing. Schragis said publishers have a responsibility to the public, and the book had no positive social purpose that could justify keeping it in print.<ref name="nym">{{Cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Dinitia |title=The Happy Hawker: Tyro Publisher Steven Schragis's Genius for Promoting Schlock |work=[[New York Magazine]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |page=46<!--full article is 40–46--> |date=1992-01-06 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-MCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46 |issn=0028-7369 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The copyright was bought in 2002 by Delta Press (aka Ozark Press<ref>[http://katv.com/archive/arkansas-publisher-keeping-controversial-book-on-the-shelves Arkansas publisher keeping controversial book on the shelves] (2015 April 21)</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/2011/01/pl_print_anarchistcookbook/ The Anarchist Cookbook Turns 40] (2011 January 31)</ref>) an [[Arkansas]]-based publisher that specializes in controversial books, where the title is their "most-asked-for volume".<ref name=NBCNews17Dec /> As of 2016, over two million copies of the book have been sold.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882356577|title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 6: His 1971 guide to drugs, booby traps, sabotage, hand-to-hand combat and explosives sold more than 2 million copies.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> == Content summary == === Foreword === The Anarchist Cookbook begins with a Foreword section, detailing the author's intentions for the text. At the time of writing, Powell believed that the United States was slowly declining towards communism, thus he found it necessary to pen a book that guided people on revolution against this transition. He championed the idea of "bringing America back to where she was two hundred years ago", believing his revolutionary ideals to be reactionary, rather than proactive.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title='Power Must Be Taken': Excerpts From 'The Anarchist Cookbook' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-12-22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/books/excerpts-from-the-anarchist-cookbook.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Powell begins with his vision for the book in how it is intended to educate a galvanize the public to make tangible change in their home countries. Powell states that fringe political organizations, such [[Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)|The Minutemen]] and [[Weather Underground|The Weathermen]], are not the intended audience, rather it is written for "the silent majority". Powell envisioned the United State people rebelling against what he deemed to be oppressive capitalistic ideals, and to a lesser extent, against fascist and communist movements.<ref name=":3" /> === Content === Powell begins the content of his book discussing anarchy and anarchist theory. Anarchy, by his definition, is a wide scale mass uprising by the people, similar to that of civil disobedience through violence.<ref name=":3" /> He believed that anarchy was the innate state of all individuals, and therefore human nature would drive people to participate in such practices. Powell believed that current expressions of politics, arts, music, and education all contained innate principles of anarchist ideals, thereby equating anarchism to individualism. This principle drives Powell's argumentation as he believed that the current political climate and Vietnam war had undermined human values, therefore revolution based upon his perception of human dignity and freedom was what drove him to write the piece. He ends his introduction by warning of the seriousness that these recipes may have deadly consequences if used improperly.<ref name=":3" /> The chapters of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' include descriptions and detailed instructions in hand-to-hand combat, explosives, booby traps, drugs, tear gas, sabotage and demolition, surveillance, improvised weapons and other topics related to anarchism.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== Table of Contents ==== Table of Contents # Counterfeiting Money # Credit Card Fraud # Making Plastic Explosives # Picking Master Locks # The Arts of Lockpicking I # The Arts of Lockpicking II # Solidox Bombs # High Tech Revenge: The Beigebox # COý Bombs # Thermite II Bombs # Touch Explosives # Letter Bombs # Paint Bombs # Ways to send a car to HELL # Do you hate school? # Phone related vandalism # Highway police radar jamming # Smoke Bombs # Mail Box Bombs # Hot-wiring cars # Napalm # Fertilizer Bomb # Tennis Ball Bomb # Diskette Bombs # Unlisted Phone Numbers # Fuses # How to make Potassium Nitrate # Exploding Light bulbs # Under water igniters # Home-brew blast cannon # Chemical Equivalency List # Phone Taps # Landmines # A different Molitov Cocktail # Phone Systems Tutorial I # Phone Systems Tutorial II # Basic Alliance Teleconferencing # Aqua Box Plans # Hindenberg Bomb # How to Kill Someone # Phone Systems Tutorial III # Black Box Plans # The Blotto Box # Blowgun # Brown Box Plans # Calcium Carbide Bomb # More Ways to Send a Car to Hell # Ripping off Change Machines # Clear Box Plans # CNA Number Listing # Electronic Terrorism # Start a Conf# w/o 2600hz or MF # Dynamite # Auto Exhaust Flame Thrower # How to Break into BBs Express # Firebomb # Fuse Bomb # Generic Bomb # Green Box Plans # Portable Grenade Launcher # Basic Hacking Tutorial I # Basic Hacking Tutorial II # Hacking DEC's # Harmless Bombs # Breaking into Houses # Hypnotism # Remote Informer Issue #1 # Jackpotting ATM Machines # Jug Bomb # Fun at K-Mart # Mace Substitute # How to Grow Marijuana # Match Head Bomb # Terrorizing McDonalds # "Mentor's" Last Words # The Myth of the 2600hz Detector # Blue Box Plans # Napalm II # Nitroglycerin Recipe # Operation: Fuckup # Stealing Calls from Payphones # Pool Fun # Free Postage # Unstable Explosives # Weird Drugs # The Art of Carding # Recognizing Credit Cards # How to Get a New Identity # Remote Informer Issue #2 # Remote Informer Issue #3 # Remote Informer Issue #4 # Remote Informer Issue #5 # Phreaker's Guide to Loop Lines # Ma-Bell Tutorial # Getting Money out of Pay Phones # Computer-based PBX # PC-Pursuit Port Statistics # Pearl Box Plans # The Phreak File # Red Box Plans # RemObS # Scarlet Box Plans # Silver Box Plans # Bell Trashing # Canadian WATS Phonebook # Hacking TRW # Hacking VAX & UNIX # Verification Circuits # White Box Plans # The BLAST Box # Dealing with the R&R Operator # Cellular Phone Phreaking # Cheesebox Plans # Start Your Own Conferences # Gold Box Plans # The History of ESS # The Lunch Box # Olive Box Plans # The Tron Box # More TRW Info # "Phreaker's Phunhouse" # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Sodium Chlorate # Mercury Fulminate # Improvised Black Powder # Nitric Acid # Dust Bomb Instructions # Carbon-Tet Explosive # Making Picric Acid from Aspirin # Reclamation of RDX from C-4 # Egg-based Gelled Flame Fuels # Clothespin Switch # Flexible Plate Switch # Low Signature System [Silencers] # Delay Igniter From Cigarette # Nicotine # Dried Seed Timer # Nail Grenade # Bell Glossary # Phone Dial Locks -- Beat'em # Exchange Scanning # A Short History of Phreaking # "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" # The History of British Phreaking # "Bad as Shit" # Telenet # Fucking with the Operator # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 1, Issue 1 # International Country Codes List # Infinity Transmitter Plans # LSD # Bananas# Yummy Marihuana Recipes # Peanuts # Chemical Fire Bottle # Igniter from Book Matches # "Red or White Powder" Propellant # Pipe Hand Grenade # European Credit Card Fraud # Potassium Bomb # Your Legal Rights # Juvenile Offenders' Rights # Down The Road Missle # Fun With Shotgun Shells # Surveillance Equipment # Drip Timer # Stealing # Miscellaneous # Shaving cream bomb # Ripping off change machines II # Lockpicking the EASY way # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Prelude # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 1 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 2 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 3 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 4 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 5 # Explosives and Propellants # Lockpicking III # Chemical Equivalent List II # Nitroglycerin II # Cellulose Nitrate # Starter Explosives # Flash Powder # Exploding Pens # Revised Pipe Bombs # * SAFETY * A MUST READ! # Ammonium TriIodide # Sulfuric Acid & Amm# Nitrate III # Black Powder III # Nitrocellulose # RDX # The Black Gate BBS # ANFOS # Picric Acid II # Bottled Explosives # Dry Ice # Fuses / Ignitors / Delays # Film Canister Bombs # Book Bombs # Phone Bombs # Special Ammunition # Rocketry # Pipe Cannon II # Smoke Bombs # Firecrackers # Suppliers II # Lab-Raid Checklist # Misc Anarchy # Combo Locks II # Misc Anarchy II # Thermite IV == Reception == === Legal reviews === At the time of its publication, one [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] memo described ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' as "one of the crudest, low-brow, paranoiac writing efforts ever attempted".<ref>[[Jesse Walker|Walker, Jesse]] (2011-02-16) [http://reason.com/blog/2011/02/16/the-fbi-on-the-anarchist-cookb The FBI on ''The Anarchist Cookbook''], ''[[Reason magazine|Reason]]''</ref> The book was reviewed by the Department of Justice, the White House, the FBI, and by both [[John Dean]] and [[Mark Felt]], [[Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon's]] lawyer and [[J. Edgar Hoover|FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover']]<nowiki/>s associate director respectively. While having concerns about the text, the FBI concluded that it could not be regulated as it was published through [[mass media]].<ref name=":1" /> Furthermore, the FBI ruled that the Anarchist Cookbook does not incite "forcible resistance to any law of the United States" and is therefore protected under the First Amendment.<ref name=":5" /> While much of the text was deemed to be inaccurate, the FBI concluded that the chapter on explosives "appears to be accurate in most respects".<ref name=":5" /> Since its conception, the FBI has kept records of the book, releasing the bulk of its investigation file in 2010.<ref>[https://www.governmentattic.org/4docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook] Retrieved on February 14, 2011</ref><ref>[http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf Mirror of "FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708233552/http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf |date=July 8, 2015 }} Retrieved on July 24, 2013</ref> === Anarchism === Advocates of [[anarchism]] dispute the association of the book with anarchist political philosophy. The anarchist collective [[CrimethInc.]], which published the book ''[[Recipes for Disaster|Recipes for Disaster: An Anarchist Cookbook]]'' in response, denounces the earlier book, saying it was "not composed or released by anarchists, not derived from anarchist practice, not intended to promote freedom and autonomy or challenge repressive power – and was barely a cookbook, as most of the recipes in it are notoriously unreliable".<ref>''[[The Guardian]]'', September 2004, as quoted at [http://www.crimethinc.com/books/rfd.html CWC Books : Recipes For Disaster] Retrieved on November 22, 2007</ref> == Media presence == === Internet/Media === Much of the publication was copied and made available as text documents online<ref name=kernel>{{cite web|last=Sankin |first=Aaron |url=http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/headline-story/12210/anarchist-cookbook-history-usenet/ |title=The Kernel |publisher=Kernelmag.dailydot.com |date=2015-03-22 |accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> through [[Usenet]] and [[FTP]] sites hosted in academic institutions in the early 1990s, and has been made available via [[web browsers]] from their inception in the mid-1990s to the present day. The name varies slightly from ''Anarchist Cookbook'' to ''Anarchy Cookbook'' and the topics have expanded vastly in the intervening decades. Many of the articles were attributed to an anonymous author called "The Jolly Roger". In 2001, British businessman Terrance Brown created the now defunct website anarchist-cookbook.com and sold copies of his derivative work, titled ''Anarchist Cookbook 2000''. Knowledge of the book, or copied online publications of it, increased along with the increase in public access to the Internet throughout the mid-1990s. Newspapers ran stories about how easy the text was to get hold of, and the influence it may have had with terrorists, criminals, and experimental teenagers.<ref name=kernel /> === Film === {{see also|American Anarchist}} The book was a frequent target for [[Book censorship|censorship]] throughout the 1990s.<ref>American Library Association: [http://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/100-most-frequently-challenged-books-1990%E2%80%931999 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999]</ref> It served as a central element of the 2002 [[romantic comedy]] ''[[The Anarchist Cookbook (film)|The Anarchist Cookbook]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-anarchist-cookbook|title=The Anarchist Cookbook Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> Repercussions from the book's publication, and the author's subsequent disavowal of its content, were the subject of the 2016 [[documentary film]] ''[[American Anarchist]]'' by Charlie Siskel. In the film, William Powell explains in depth his thoughts on the book and the consequences it had in his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/american-anarchist|title=American Anarchist Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> It further explores the themes of responsibility and repercussions that decision can have on one's life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882781392|title=The long-lasting effects of revolutionary rhetoric explored in doc 'American Anarchist'|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Powell's passing in 2016 received little media coverage until the release of American Anarchist, which was released a few months after his death.<ref name=":0" /> == People who have used the book == In 1976, police linked the bombing of Grand Central Terminal and hijacking of a TWA flight to Croatian radicals who employed directions from ''The Anarchist Cookbook.''<ref name=":1" /> In 1981, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was linked to Puerto Rican rebels who bombed a FBI headquarters using the book's directions. Thomas Spinks also employed the text during the bombings of 10 abortion clinics in the United States.<ref name=":1" /> In 1995, the perpetrators of the Oklahoma City bombing were alleged to have used directions from this book.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, police found ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' in possession of the individuals who carried out the [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine High School shooting]] in [[Littleton, Colorado]]. It is believed they drew inspiration from the text.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, imitations of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was used by the London Nail Bomber, David Copeland, who killed three people. These imitations included ''The Terrorists' Handbook'' and ''How to Make Bombs''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/250474767|title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author The man whose 'Anarchist Cookbook' helped fuel three decades of terrorism admits: I was misguided|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2002, the Canadian government permitted the book to be imported for the United States. Canada Customs and Revenue Agency concluded the book does not violate either hate or obscenity laws, therefore the previous ban on the text was resolved.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anarchist book legal |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |page=A5 |date=2002-12-15 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/252946714 |via=[[ProQuest]] |quote=...the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency says there is nothing to prevent [the book's] legal sale in Canada because it violates neither the hate law nor obscenity law.|df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2007, a 17-year-old was arrested in the [[United Kingdom]] and faced charges under [[Terrorism in the UK|anti-terrorism law in the UK]] for possession of this book, among other things.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boy in court on terror charges|work=BBC News |date=2007-10-05 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7030096.stm }}</ref> He was cleared of all charges in October 2008, after arguing that he was a prankster who just wanted to research fireworks and smoke bombs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teenage bomb plot accused cleared |work=BBC News |date=2008-10-23 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bradford/7685636.stm}}</ref> In [[County Durham]], UK in 2010, [[Ian Davison]] and his son were imprisoned under anti-terrorism laws for the manufacturing of [[ricin]], and their possession of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'', along with its availability, was noted by the authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=County Durham terror plot father and son are jailed |work=BBC News |date=2010-05-14 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/8682132.stm}}</ref> This led to a London judge and police campaigning to have the book banned in the UK.<ref name=":1" /> In 2011, the book was linked to the Tucson shooting of U.S. Rep. [[Gabby Giffords|Gabrielle Giffords]] (D-Ariz) who was wounded in the incident.<ref name=":4" /> In 2012, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was found to have been in the possession of the perpetrator of the Aurora theater shooting.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 2013, renewed calls were made in the United States to ban this book, citing links to [[Arapahoe High School (Centennial, Colorado)#Shooting|a school shooting]] in Colorado, USA by Karl Pierson.<ref name=NBCNews17Dec>{{cite web |last=Dokoupil |first=Tony |title=After latest shooting, murder manual author calls for book to be taken 'immediately' out of print |url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/12/17/21938739-after-latest-shooting-murder-manual-author-calls-for-book-to-be-taken-immediately-out-of-print |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=17 December 2013 |accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref> In 2015, the [[London Public Transport Bombings|London public-transport bombers]] were linked to having used this book.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, United States Senator Dianne Feinstein (D- Calif) pushed to have the book removed from online databases.<ref name=":0" /> The book was refused classification by the [[Australian Classification Board|Office of Film and Literature Classification]] upon release, thus making the book [[Censorship in Australia|banned in Australia]]. It was classified RC again on 31 October 2016.<ref name="unimelb1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|title=Banned Books in Australia: A Selection|publisher=University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203214917/http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|archivedate=February 3, 2016|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?sid=%2bcCU9dI5cS8GlPdDig3iVQ%253d%253d&ncdctx=D%252fdXurf9RWVzhQkIgiewMipZUW4dXsXHsq4gbFLb6EnqcssKz8wMV8UDM2mkWalB5xYrLxsyq8UzWgOmiob5Fw%253d%253d|title=THE ANARCHIST COOKBOOK|date=October 31, 2016|work=Classification Board|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> In 2017, a 27-year-old was prosecuted in the UK solely for the possession of the book. He was found not guilty.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/10/28/josh-walker-anarchist-cookbook-terrorism-act-uk/|title=How the U.K. Prosecuted a Student on Terrorism Charges for Downloading a Book|first=Ryan|last=Gallagher|date=October 28, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> == Book == [[File:anarchistcookbook2000.pdf|caption]] == See also == * ''[[The Big Book of Mischief]]'' * ''[[The Poor Man's James Bond]]'' * ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' == External links == {{Wikiquote|William Powell (author)|William Powell}} * [https://archive.org/details/AnarchistCookbookFBIFile FBI file on the Anarchist Cookbook, 1971–1999] {{Portal bar|Anarchism|Books|Freedom of speech|1970s}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchist Cookbook, The}} [[Category:1971 books]] [[Category:American non-fiction books]] [[Category:Censored books]] d153a5c4d0b37ccaf98a12c9392b8929cd405b93 6 33 47 2019-09-06T04:25:05Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 34 48 2019-09-08T08:33:39Z B00m 2 Created page with " The procedures in this manual and the resulting and product are extremely dangerous. Whenever dealing with high explosives, special precautions should be followed in accordan..." wikitext text/x-wiki The procedures in this manual and the resulting and product are extremely dangerous. Whenever dealing with high explosives, special precautions should be followed in accordance with industry standards for experimentation and production of high explosives. Failure to strictly follow such industry standards may result in harm to life or limb. Therefore, the author and publisher disclaim any liability from any damagesor injuries of any typethat a reader or user of information contained within this manual may encounter from the use of said information. Use this manual and any end. product or by-productat your own risk, This manual is for information purposes only. from "Introduction" This information provides examples of haw terrorists have operated in thepast and how they may ‘behavein the future, Believe me, I'm nottelling the terrorists of the world anything they don’t already know. The IRA has enough misguided PhDsto build them pretty much anything they want. When the FBI arrested Richard C. Johnson, a Northrop engineer and de facto chief of research and development for the IRA’s "Bomb Command South,”they found a few things that surprised them. Johnson had developed or was in the process of designing, among other things, unjammable radio detonation devices, detonators based on a police model radar gun,and a hand-held surface-to-air missilincorporating a radar proximity fuze. They don’t need books such as mine, The second reason is to provide details on how these devices are built so that the knowledge will be available should the need arise in the future. With the current assault on the Second Amendmentby cartain politicians and media groups, easily made explosives and incendiaries may be the only weapons available. Until they finally learn the basic truth that it is not the abject that is the deadly weapon,but the heart of the man wielding it,freedoms will continue to erode. This country is too good to lose in such a manner. Do your part and vote. ==Contents== Introduction... Kinepak.. Nitromethana Explosives Gelled NitromethaneExplosive Sullivanite ANFO+ 80/20 Amatol Production. Fan Fuze IRA Truck Mortar. Nineteenth Century Anarchist’s Bomb Military Mining Structural Demolitions.. ERDL Square Charge Baby Botile Bomb... Napalm B-N.. Jar Molly. Self-Igniting Firebambs Rhodesian Knock-Knock. Ammoanpulver (AP) Dr. Scheele’s Fiary Cigar . Mothball Bomb 80/20 Amatol Nipolit. Antidisturbance Mine. Fume Absorber Recycling Explosives ==Book== [[File:Anarchist_Arsenal_Recipes_David_Harber.pdf|David Harber Anarchist Arsenal Recipes]] 93061614053b618cbf59ec0dab8b4c5499bcf7fc 50 48 2019-09-08T09:07:03Z B00m 2 /* Contents */ wikitext text/x-wiki The procedures in this manual and the resulting and product are extremely dangerous. Whenever dealing with high explosives, special precautions should be followed in accordance with industry standards for experimentation and production of high explosives. Failure to strictly follow such industry standards may result in harm to life or limb. Therefore, the author and publisher disclaim any liability from any damagesor injuries of any typethat a reader or user of information contained within this manual may encounter from the use of said information. Use this manual and any end. product or by-productat your own risk, This manual is for information purposes only. from "Introduction" This information provides examples of haw terrorists have operated in thepast and how they may ‘behavein the future, Believe me, I'm nottelling the terrorists of the world anything they don’t already know. The IRA has enough misguided PhDsto build them pretty much anything they want. When the FBI arrested Richard C. Johnson, a Northrop engineer and de facto chief of research and development for the IRA’s "Bomb Command South,”they found a few things that surprised them. Johnson had developed or was in the process of designing, among other things, unjammable radio detonation devices, detonators based on a police model radar gun,and a hand-held surface-to-air missilincorporating a radar proximity fuze. They don’t need books such as mine, The second reason is to provide details on how these devices are built so that the knowledge will be available should the need arise in the future. With the current assault on the Second Amendmentby cartain politicians and media groups, easily made explosives and incendiaries may be the only weapons available. Until they finally learn the basic truth that it is not the abject that is the deadly weapon,but the heart of the man wielding it,freedoms will continue to erode. This country is too good to lose in such a manner. Do your part and vote. ==Contents== * Introduction... * Kinepak.. * Nitromethana Explosives * Gelled NitromethaneExplosive * Sullivanite * ANFO+ * 80/20 Amatol Production. * Fan Fuze * IRA Truck Mortar. * Nineteenth Century Anarchist’s Bomb * Military Mining * Structural Demolitions.. * ERDL Square Charge * Baby Botile Bomb... * Napalm B-N.. * Jar Molly. * Self-Igniting Firebambs * Rhodesian Knock-Knock. * Ammoanpulver (AP) * Dr. Scheele’s Fiary Cigar . * Mothball Bomb * 80/20 Amatol * Nipolit. * Antidisturbance Mine. * Fume Absorber * Recycling Explosives ==Book== [[File:Anarchist_Arsenal_Recipes_David_Harber.pdf|David Harber Anarchist Arsenal Recipes]] 89468b7e2049090fd5f4b38daf9dcb3e7a326d0e 6 35 49 2019-09-08T08:37:00Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 36 51 2019-09-10T04:52:20Z B00m 2 Created page with "A manual for purely informational purposes on how to make explosives from common products you might have in your own kitchen. Includes numerous plastic explosives information..." wikitext text/x-wiki A manual for purely informational purposes on how to make explosives from common products you might have in your own kitchen. Includes numerous plastic explosives information as well as how to make blasting caps. Obviously: DO NOT TRY AND MAKE ANYTHING IN THIS BOOK! ==Contents== * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL (Cap sensitive) * PRILLED FGAN - POWDERED COALOR CHARCOAL * PRILLED FGAN - GASOLINE * PRILLED FGAN - ANTIFREEZE * PRILLED FGAN - MAGNESIUM * PRILLED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * PRILLED FGAN - METHANOL OR ETHANOL * PRILLED FGAN - ALUMINUM * PRILLED FGAN - MONONITRONAPTHALENE * POWDERED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * POWDERED FGAN - ALUMINUM POWDER * POWDERED FGAN - DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (Antifreeze) * POWDERED FGAN - HEXAMETHLYENETETRAMINE ADDUCT * POWDERED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * POWDERED FGAN - NITROMETHANE (Astrolite) * POWDERED FGAN - METALLIC NITRATE * POWDERED FGAN - RED PHOSPOROUS - COFFEE * FGAN-HEXAMINE-NITRIC ACID GELATIN * FGAN-HEXAMINE OR UREA GELATIN * FGAN-ANTIFREEZE-SMOKELESS POWDER GELATIN * FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE GELATIN * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #1 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #2 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #3 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #4 * CAST FGAN-WAX FOAMED CHARGE (Cap Sensitive) * CAST FGAN-FUEL OR CHNO EXPLOSIVE ("Ammonex") * CAST FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE ("FORMIT") * FGAN-HYDRAZINE (HYDRAZINE NITRATE) ==Book== [[File:Kitchen_Improvised_Fertilizer.pdf|Tim Lewis Kitchen improvised fertilizer explosives]] 34148fe686b2e1c17e1df69b73dc7a3cfb60a4bb 54 51 2019-09-12T04:46:02Z B00m 2 /* Contents */ wikitext text/x-wiki A manual for purely informational purposes on how to make explosives from common products you might have in your own kitchen. Includes numerous plastic explosives information as well as how to make blasting caps. Obviously: DO NOT TRY AND MAKE ANYTHING IN THIS BOOK! ==Contents== KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES * Foreward * Chapter 1 - American Plastique Explosives * Chapter 2 - R.D.X. Manufacture * Chapter 3 - Foreign Plastique Explosives * Chapter 4 - Plastique Explosive From Bleach * Chapter 5 - Plastique Explosive from Swimming Pool * Chapter 6 - Plastique Explosive From Table Salt * Chapter 7 - Plastique Explosive From Aspirin * Chapter 8 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive * Chapter 9 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive From Anti-Freeze * Chapter 10 - Nitroglycerin and Nitroglycol KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES II # C-4 Plastique # RDX Mfg. # Acetic Anhydride Mfg. # Nitromethane # Nitro Methane Plastique #1 # Nitro Methane Plastique #2 # Composite Plastique #1 # Composite Plastique #2 # Myrol (Methyl Nitrate) # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #1 # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #2 # Nitric Acid # Nitric Acid Plastique #1 # Nitric Acid Plastique #2 # Red Phosphorus - Coffee - Silicon Oil # Silicone Oil / RDX Plastique #2 # Silicone Oil / Nitro Mannite Plastique #3 # Silicone Oil / Ammonium Perchlorate P. #4 # Silicone Oil Plastique #5 # Silicone Plastique #6 # Nitro Glycol Mfg. # Nitroglycol Plastique # PETN # Detaflex Equivalent Plastique # Nitrostarch Mfg. # Nitrostarch Plastique Mfg. # Pentryl # Potassium Perchlorate Plastique KITCHEN IMPROVISED BLASTING CAPS * Chapter 1: How Blasting Caps Works * Chapter 2: Fuse Cap Manufacture * Chapter 3: Electric Blasting Cap Manufacture * Chapter 4: HMTD * Chapter 5: DDNP * Chapter 6: Acetone Peroxide * Chapter 7: Double Salts * Chapter 8: TACC * Chapter 9: Mercury Fulminate * Chapter 10: Lead Picrate * Chapter 11: Nitrogen Sulfide * Chapter 12: Silver Fulminate * Chapter 13: Nitromannite * Chapter 14: RDX * Chapter 15: PETN * Chapter 16: Picric Acid * Chapter 17: MMAN * Chapter 18: Tetryl * Chapter 19: TeNN * Chapter 20: Nitroguanidine KITCHEN IMPROVISED FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVES * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL (Cap sensitive) * PRILLED FGAN - POWDERED COALOR CHARCOAL * PRILLED FGAN - GASOLINE * PRILLED FGAN - ANTIFREEZE * PRILLED FGAN - MAGNESIUM * PRILLED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * PRILLED FGAN - METHANOL OR ETHANOL * PRILLED FGAN - ALUMINUM * PRILLED FGAN - MONONITRONAPTHALENE * POWDERED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * POWDERED FGAN - ALUMINUM POWDER * POWDERED FGAN - DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (Antifreeze) * POWDERED FGAN - HEXAMETHLYENETETRAMINE ADDUCT * POWDERED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * POWDERED FGAN - NITROMETHANE (Astrolite) * POWDERED FGAN - METALLIC NITRATE * POWDERED FGAN - RED PHOSPOROUS - COFFEE * FGAN-HEXAMINE-NITRIC ACID GELATIN * FGAN-HEXAMINE OR UREA GELATIN * FGAN-ANTIFREEZE-SMOKELESS POWDER GELATIN * FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE GELATIN * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #1 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #2 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #3 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #4 * CAST FGAN-WAX FOAMED CHARGE (Cap Sensitive) * CAST FGAN-FUEL OR CHNO EXPLOSIVE ("Ammonex") * CAST FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE ("FORMIT") * FGAN-HYDRAZINE (HYDRAZINE NITRATE) ==Book== [[File:Kitchen_Improvised_Fertilizer.pdf|Tim Lewis Kitchen improvised fertilizer explosives]] 3959f69fd3305983fb1f35a232efa01f80c73777 55 54 2019-09-12T04:48:27Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki A manual for purely informational purposes on how to make explosives from common products you might have in your own kitchen. Includes numerous plastic explosives information as well as how to make blasting caps. Obviously: DO NOT TRY AND MAKE ANYTHING IN THIS BOOK! This article contains the books: * KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES * KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES II * KITCHEN IMPROVISED BLASTING CAPS * KITCHEN IMPROVISED FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVES from Tim Lewis ==Contents== KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES * Foreward * Chapter 1 - American Plastique Explosives * Chapter 2 - R.D.X. Manufacture * Chapter 3 - Foreign Plastique Explosives * Chapter 4 - Plastique Explosive From Bleach * Chapter 5 - Plastique Explosive from Swimming Pool * Chapter 6 - Plastique Explosive From Table Salt * Chapter 7 - Plastique Explosive From Aspirin * Chapter 8 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive * Chapter 9 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive From Anti-Freeze * Chapter 10 - Nitroglycerin and Nitroglycol KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES II # C-4 Plastique # RDX Mfg. # Acetic Anhydride Mfg. # Nitromethane # Nitro Methane Plastique #1 # Nitro Methane Plastique #2 # Composite Plastique #1 # Composite Plastique #2 # Myrol (Methyl Nitrate) # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #1 # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #2 # Nitric Acid # Nitric Acid Plastique #1 # Nitric Acid Plastique #2 # Red Phosphorus - Coffee - Silicon Oil # Silicone Oil / RDX Plastique #2 # Silicone Oil / Nitro Mannite Plastique #3 # Silicone Oil / Ammonium Perchlorate P. #4 # Silicone Oil Plastique #5 # Silicone Plastique #6 # Nitro Glycol Mfg. # Nitroglycol Plastique # PETN # Detaflex Equivalent Plastique # Nitrostarch Mfg. # Nitrostarch Plastique Mfg. # Pentryl # Potassium Perchlorate Plastique KITCHEN IMPROVISED BLASTING CAPS * Chapter 1: How Blasting Caps Works * Chapter 2: Fuse Cap Manufacture * Chapter 3: Electric Blasting Cap Manufacture * Chapter 4: HMTD * Chapter 5: DDNP * Chapter 6: Acetone Peroxide * Chapter 7: Double Salts * Chapter 8: TACC * Chapter 9: Mercury Fulminate * Chapter 10: Lead Picrate * Chapter 11: Nitrogen Sulfide * Chapter 12: Silver Fulminate * Chapter 13: Nitromannite * Chapter 14: RDX * Chapter 15: PETN * Chapter 16: Picric Acid * Chapter 17: MMAN * Chapter 18: Tetryl * Chapter 19: TeNN * Chapter 20: Nitroguanidine KITCHEN IMPROVISED FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVES * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL (Cap sensitive) * PRILLED FGAN - POWDERED COALOR CHARCOAL * PRILLED FGAN - GASOLINE * PRILLED FGAN - ANTIFREEZE * PRILLED FGAN - MAGNESIUM * PRILLED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * PRILLED FGAN - METHANOL OR ETHANOL * PRILLED FGAN - ALUMINUM * PRILLED FGAN - MONONITRONAPTHALENE * POWDERED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * POWDERED FGAN - ALUMINUM POWDER * POWDERED FGAN - DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (Antifreeze) * POWDERED FGAN - HEXAMETHLYENETETRAMINE ADDUCT * POWDERED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * POWDERED FGAN - NITROMETHANE (Astrolite) * POWDERED FGAN - METALLIC NITRATE * POWDERED FGAN - RED PHOSPOROUS - COFFEE * FGAN-HEXAMINE-NITRIC ACID GELATIN * FGAN-HEXAMINE OR UREA GELATIN * FGAN-ANTIFREEZE-SMOKELESS POWDER GELATIN * FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE GELATIN * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #1 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #2 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #3 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #4 * CAST FGAN-WAX FOAMED CHARGE (Cap Sensitive) * CAST FGAN-FUEL OR CHNO EXPLOSIVE ("Ammonex") * CAST FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE ("FORMIT") * FGAN-HYDRAZINE (HYDRAZINE NITRATE) ==Book== [[File:Kitchen_Improvised_Complete_Blasting_Caps_Fertilizer_Explosives_Plastic_Explosives_1_and_2_Tim_Lewis.pdf|Tim Lewis THE COMPLETE IMPROVISED KITCHEN]] 11835b761174171c8f1b3986e9f109010f7f658a 56 55 2019-09-12T04:49:34Z B00m 2 B00m moved page [[Tim Lewis Kitchen improvised fertilizer explosives]] to [[Tim Lewis THE COMPLETE IMPROVISED KITCHEN]] wikitext text/x-wiki A manual for purely informational purposes on how to make explosives from common products you might have in your own kitchen. Includes numerous plastic explosives information as well as how to make blasting caps. Obviously: DO NOT TRY AND MAKE ANYTHING IN THIS BOOK! This article contains the books: * KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES * KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES II * KITCHEN IMPROVISED BLASTING CAPS * KITCHEN IMPROVISED FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVES from Tim Lewis ==Contents== KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES * Foreward * Chapter 1 - American Plastique Explosives * Chapter 2 - R.D.X. Manufacture * Chapter 3 - Foreign Plastique Explosives * Chapter 4 - Plastique Explosive From Bleach * Chapter 5 - Plastique Explosive from Swimming Pool * Chapter 6 - Plastique Explosive From Table Salt * Chapter 7 - Plastique Explosive From Aspirin * Chapter 8 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive * Chapter 9 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive From Anti-Freeze * Chapter 10 - Nitroglycerin and Nitroglycol KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES II # C-4 Plastique # RDX Mfg. # Acetic Anhydride Mfg. # Nitromethane # Nitro Methane Plastique #1 # Nitro Methane Plastique #2 # Composite Plastique #1 # Composite Plastique #2 # Myrol (Methyl Nitrate) # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #1 # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #2 # Nitric Acid # Nitric Acid Plastique #1 # Nitric Acid Plastique #2 # Red Phosphorus - Coffee - Silicon Oil # Silicone Oil / RDX Plastique #2 # Silicone Oil / Nitro Mannite Plastique #3 # Silicone Oil / Ammonium Perchlorate P. #4 # Silicone Oil Plastique #5 # Silicone Plastique #6 # Nitro Glycol Mfg. # Nitroglycol Plastique # PETN # Detaflex Equivalent Plastique # Nitrostarch Mfg. # Nitrostarch Plastique Mfg. # Pentryl # Potassium Perchlorate Plastique KITCHEN IMPROVISED BLASTING CAPS * Chapter 1: How Blasting Caps Works * Chapter 2: Fuse Cap Manufacture * Chapter 3: Electric Blasting Cap Manufacture * Chapter 4: HMTD * Chapter 5: DDNP * Chapter 6: Acetone Peroxide * Chapter 7: Double Salts * Chapter 8: TACC * Chapter 9: Mercury Fulminate * Chapter 10: Lead Picrate * Chapter 11: Nitrogen Sulfide * Chapter 12: Silver Fulminate * Chapter 13: Nitromannite * Chapter 14: RDX * Chapter 15: PETN * Chapter 16: Picric Acid * Chapter 17: MMAN * Chapter 18: Tetryl * Chapter 19: TeNN * Chapter 20: Nitroguanidine KITCHEN IMPROVISED FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVES * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL (Cap sensitive) * PRILLED FGAN - POWDERED COALOR CHARCOAL * PRILLED FGAN - GASOLINE * PRILLED FGAN - ANTIFREEZE * PRILLED FGAN - MAGNESIUM * PRILLED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * PRILLED FGAN - METHANOL OR ETHANOL * PRILLED FGAN - ALUMINUM * PRILLED FGAN - MONONITRONAPTHALENE * POWDERED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * POWDERED FGAN - ALUMINUM POWDER * POWDERED FGAN - DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (Antifreeze) * POWDERED FGAN - HEXAMETHLYENETETRAMINE ADDUCT * POWDERED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * POWDERED FGAN - NITROMETHANE (Astrolite) * POWDERED FGAN - METALLIC NITRATE * POWDERED FGAN - RED PHOSPOROUS - COFFEE * FGAN-HEXAMINE-NITRIC ACID GELATIN * FGAN-HEXAMINE OR UREA GELATIN * FGAN-ANTIFREEZE-SMOKELESS POWDER GELATIN * FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE GELATIN * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #1 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #2 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #3 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #4 * CAST FGAN-WAX FOAMED CHARGE (Cap Sensitive) * CAST FGAN-FUEL OR CHNO EXPLOSIVE ("Ammonex") * CAST FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE ("FORMIT") * FGAN-HYDRAZINE (HYDRAZINE NITRATE) ==Book== [[File:Kitchen_Improvised_Complete_Blasting_Caps_Fertilizer_Explosives_Plastic_Explosives_1_and_2_Tim_Lewis.pdf|Tim Lewis THE COMPLETE IMPROVISED KITCHEN]] 11835b761174171c8f1b3986e9f109010f7f658a 83 56 2019-10-17T03:41:27Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki A manual for purely informational purposes on how to make explosives from common products you might have in your own kitchen. Includes numerous plastic explosives information as well as how to make blasting caps. Obviously: DO NOT TRY AND MAKE ANYTHING IN THIS BOOK! This article contains the books: * KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES * KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES II * KITCHEN IMPROVISED BLASTING CAPS * KITCHEN IMPROVISED FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVES from Tim Lewis ==Contents== KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES * Foreward * Chapter 1 - American Plastique Explosives * Chapter 2 - R.D.X. Manufacture * Chapter 3 - Foreign Plastique Explosives * Chapter 4 - Plastique Explosive From Bleach * Chapter 5 - Plastique Explosive from Swimming Pool * Chapter 6 - Plastique Explosive From Table Salt * Chapter 7 - Plastique Explosive From Aspirin * Chapter 8 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive * Chapter 9 - Nitro-Gelatin Plastique Explosive From Anti-Freeze * Chapter 10 - Nitroglycerin and Nitroglycol KITCHEN IMPROVISED PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES II # C-4 Plastique # RDX Mfg. # Acetic Anhydride Mfg. # Nitromethane # Nitro Methane Plastique #1 # Nitro Methane Plastique #2 # Composite Plastique #1 # Composite Plastique #2 # Myrol (Methyl Nitrate) # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #1 # Methyl Nitrate Plastique #2 # Nitric Acid # Nitric Acid Plastique #1 # Nitric Acid Plastique #2 # Red Phosphorus - Coffee - Silicon Oil # Silicone Oil / RDX Plastique #2 # Silicone Oil / Nitro Mannite Plastique #3 # Silicone Oil / Ammonium Perchlorate P. #4 # Silicone Oil Plastique #5 # Silicone Plastique #6 # Nitro Glycol Mfg. # Nitroglycol Plastique # PETN # Detaflex Equivalent Plastique # Nitrostarch Mfg. # Nitrostarch Plastique Mfg. # Pentryl # Potassium Perchlorate Plastique KITCHEN IMPROVISED BLASTING CAPS * Chapter 1: How Blasting Caps Works * Chapter 2: Fuse Cap Manufacture * Chapter 3: Electric Blasting Cap Manufacture * Chapter 4: HMTD * Chapter 5: DDNP * Chapter 6: Acetone Peroxide * Chapter 7: Double Salts * Chapter 8: TACC * Chapter 9: Mercury Fulminate * Chapter 10: Lead Picrate * Chapter 11: Nitrogen Sulfide * Chapter 12: Silver Fulminate * Chapter 13: Nitromannite * Chapter 14: RDX * Chapter 15: PETN * Chapter 16: Picric Acid * Chapter 17: MMAN * Chapter 18: Tetryl * Chapter 19: TeNN * Chapter 20: Nitroguanidine KITCHEN IMPROVISED FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVES * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * PRILLED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL (Cap sensitive) * PRILLED FGAN - POWDERED COALOR CHARCOAL * PRILLED FGAN - GASOLINE * PRILLED FGAN - ANTIFREEZE * PRILLED FGAN - MAGNESIUM * PRILLED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * PRILLED FGAN - METHANOL OR ETHANOL * PRILLED FGAN - ALUMINUM * PRILLED FGAN - MONONITRONAPTHALENE * POWDERED FGAN - #2 FUEL OIL * POWDERED FGAN - ALUMINUM POWDER * POWDERED FGAN - DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (Antifreeze) * POWDERED FGAN - HEXAMETHLYENETETRAMINE ADDUCT * POWDERED FGAN - NITROGLYCERIN * POWDERED FGAN - NITROMETHANE (Astrolite) * POWDERED FGAN - METALLIC NITRATE * POWDERED FGAN - RED PHOSPOROUS - COFFEE * FGAN-HEXAMINE-NITRIC ACID GELATIN * FGAN-HEXAMINE OR UREA GELATIN * FGAN-ANTIFREEZE-SMOKELESS POWDER GELATIN * FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE GELATIN * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #1 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #2 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #3 * FGAN-SLURRY COMPOSITION #4 * CAST FGAN-WAX FOAMED CHARGE (Cap Sensitive) * CAST FGAN-FUEL OR CHNO EXPLOSIVE ("Ammonex") * CAST FGAN-MONOMETHYLAMINE NITRATE ("FORMIT") * FGAN-HYDRAZINE (HYDRAZINE NITRATE) ==Book== [[Media:Kitchen_Improvised_Complete_Blasting_Caps_Fertilizer_Explosives_Plastic_Explosives_1_and_2_Tim_Lewis.pdf|Tim Lewis THE COMPLETE IMPROVISED KITCHEN]] 243e9bc5225e0d7ed65d1d3bfc7ecba9b738db73 6 37 52 2019-09-10T04:54:00Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 38 53 2019-09-11T05:16:22Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 39 57 2019-09-12T04:49:34Z B00m 2 B00m moved page [[Tim Lewis Kitchen improvised fertilizer explosives]] to [[Tim Lewis THE COMPLETE IMPROVISED KITCHEN]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tim Lewis THE COMPLETE IMPROVISED KITCHEN]] eebac9c1caec3cf34b86593bc5a4f8e996c97779 0 40 58 2019-09-13T05:15:57Z B00m 2 Created page with "Do you want to know how to make your own gunpowder from such easily accessible items as dead cats, whiskey, your living room ceiling, manure, “fool’s gold,” and maple sy..." wikitext text/x-wiki Do you want to know how to make your own gunpowder from such easily accessible items as dead cats, whiskey, your living room ceiling, manure, “fool’s gold,” and maple syrup? And do you want to know how to do it with simple handtools and techniques that have been used for centuries? Well now you can with The Do-It-Yourself Gunpowder Cookbook,a practical and safe approach to making the oldest propellant/explosive known. Don’t be a slave to available technology, because if it breaks down or otherwise becomes unavailable, only your stockpile of knowledge will get you through tough times. ==contents== * PART ONE - GROW YOUR OWN GUNPOWDER * Chapter 1 - FROM WHENCE THIS DEMON CAME * Chapter 2 - THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW-TO OF BLACK POWDER * Chapter 3 - “RED-OR-WHITE” PROPELLANT POWDER: HOW SWEETIT IS * PART TWO - HOME-CANNED CHEMISTRY FOR SURVIVAL POWDER MAKING * Chapter 4 - SALTPETER * Chapter 5 - CHARCOAL * Chapter 6 - SULFUR * Chapter 7 - SWEET SOLUTIONS * Chapter 8 - THE MINIMALIST MINER ==Book== [[File:Do_It_Yourself_Gunpowder_Cookbook_Paladin_Press_ocrmypdf.pdf|caption]] 483f64e897303c0e250f87b5ad1a6f8d7ed74289 60 58 2019-09-13T05:26:23Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki Do you want to know how to make your own gunpowder from such easily accessible items as dead cats, whiskey, your living room ceiling, manure, “fool’s gold,” and maple syrup? And do you want to know how to do it with simple handtools and techniques that have been used for centuries? Well now you can with The Do-It-Yourself Gunpowder Cookbook,a practical and safe approach to making the oldest propellant/explosive known. Don’t be a slave to available technology, because if it breaks down or otherwise becomes unavailable, only your stockpile of knowledge will get you through tough times. ==contents== * PART ONE - GROW YOUR OWN GUNPOWDER * Chapter 1 - FROM WHENCE THIS DEMON CAME * Chapter 2 - THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW-TO OF BLACK POWDER * Chapter 3 - “RED-OR-WHITE” PROPELLANT POWDER: HOW SWEETIT IS * PART TWO - HOME-CANNED CHEMISTRY FOR SURVIVAL POWDER MAKING * Chapter 4 - SALTPETER * Chapter 5 - CHARCOAL * Chapter 6 - SULFUR * Chapter 7 - SWEET SOLUTIONS * Chapter 8 - THE MINIMALIST MINER ==Book== [[File:Do_It_Yourself_Gunpowder_Cookbook_Paladin_Press_ocrmypdf.pdf|The Do-It-Yourself GUNPOWDER COOKBOOK]] cc7642fd6ce7720e489349a37760324dc08489cc 61 60 2019-09-13T06:05:18Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki Do you want to know how to make your own gunpowder from such easily accessible items as dead cats, whiskey, your living room ceiling, manure, “fool’s gold,” and maple syrup? And do you want to know how to do it with simple handtools and techniques that have been used for centuries? Well now you can with The Do-It-Yourself Gunpowder Cookbook,a practical and safe approach to making the oldest propellant/explosive known. Don’t be a slave to available technology, because if it breaks down or otherwise becomes unavailable, only your stockpile of knowledge will get you through tough times. ==contents== * PART ONE - GROW YOUR OWN GUNPOWDER * Chapter 1 - FROM WHENCE THIS DEMON CAME * Chapter 2 - THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW-TO OF BLACK POWDER * Chapter 3 - “RED-OR-WHITE” PROPELLANT POWDER: HOW SWEETIT IS * PART TWO - HOME-CANNED CHEMISTRY FOR SURVIVAL POWDER MAKING * Chapter 4 - SALTPETER * Chapter 5 - CHARCOAL * Chapter 6 - SULFUR * Chapter 7 - SWEET SOLUTIONS * Chapter 8 - THE MINIMALIST MINER ==Book== [[File:Do_It_Yourself_Gunpowder_Cookbook_Paladin_Press.pdf|The Do-It-Yourself GUNPOWDER COOKBOOK]] 7ead4131365d74f2ae6662ea3990c7b2a02fbbe3 64 61 2019-09-27T08:58:29Z B00m 2 /* contents */ wikitext text/x-wiki Do you want to know how to make your own gunpowder from such easily accessible items as dead cats, whiskey, your living room ceiling, manure, “fool’s gold,” and maple syrup? And do you want to know how to do it with simple handtools and techniques that have been used for centuries? Well now you can with The Do-It-Yourself Gunpowder Cookbook,a practical and safe approach to making the oldest propellant/explosive known. Don’t be a slave to available technology, because if it breaks down or otherwise becomes unavailable, only your stockpile of knowledge will get you through tough times. ==Contents== * PART ONE - GROW YOUR OWN GUNPOWDER * Chapter 1 - FROM WHENCE THIS DEMON CAME * Chapter 2 - THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW-TO OF BLACK POWDER * Chapter 3 - “RED-OR-WHITE” PROPELLANT POWDER: HOW SWEETIT IS * PART TWO - HOME-CANNED CHEMISTRY FOR SURVIVAL POWDER MAKING * Chapter 4 - SALTPETER * Chapter 5 - CHARCOAL * Chapter 6 - SULFUR * Chapter 7 - SWEET SOLUTIONS * Chapter 8 - THE MINIMALIST MINER ==Book== [[File:Do_It_Yourself_Gunpowder_Cookbook_Paladin_Press.pdf|The Do-It-Yourself GUNPOWDER COOKBOOK]] 21c15c274a9d98e2e4299fb8c901e5f3d1269d18 82 64 2019-10-17T03:37:59Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki Do you want to know how to make your own gunpowder from such easily accessible items as dead cats, whiskey, your living room ceiling, manure, “fool’s gold,” and maple syrup? And do you want to know how to do it with simple handtools and techniques that have been used for centuries? Well now you can with The Do-It-Yourself Gunpowder Cookbook,a practical and safe approach to making the oldest propellant/explosive known. Don’t be a slave to available technology, because if it breaks down or otherwise becomes unavailable, only your stockpile of knowledge will get you through tough times. ==Contents== * PART ONE - GROW YOUR OWN GUNPOWDER * Chapter 1 - FROM WHENCE THIS DEMON CAME * Chapter 2 - THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW-TO OF BLACK POWDER * Chapter 3 - “RED-OR-WHITE” PROPELLANT POWDER: HOW SWEETIT IS * PART TWO - HOME-CANNED CHEMISTRY FOR SURVIVAL POWDER MAKING * Chapter 4 - SALTPETER * Chapter 5 - CHARCOAL * Chapter 6 - SULFUR * Chapter 7 - SWEET SOLUTIONS * Chapter 8 - THE MINIMALIST MINER ==Book== [[Media:Do_It_Yourself_Gunpowder_Cookbook_Paladin_Press.pdf|The Do-It-Yourself GUNPOWDER COOKBOOK]] 8b35b69558ecce5e1c9fcf459e71087732ec9f9f 87 82 2019-10-17T03:46:43Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki Do you want to know how to make your own gunpowder from such easily accessible items as dead cats, whiskey, your living room ceiling, manure, “fool’s gold,” and maple syrup? And do you want to know how to do it with simple handtools and techniques that have been used for centuries? Well now you can with The Do-It-Yourself Gunpowder Cookbook,a practical and safe approach to making the oldest propellant/explosive known. Don’t be a slave to available technology, because if it breaks down or otherwise becomes unavailable, only your stockpile of knowledge will get you through tough times. ==Contents== * PART ONE - GROW YOUR OWN GUNPOWDER * Chapter 1 - FROM WHENCE THIS DEMON CAME * Chapter 2 - THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW-TO OF BLACK POWDER * Chapter 3 - “RED-OR-WHITE” PROPELLANT POWDER: HOW SWEETIT IS * PART TWO - HOME-CANNED CHEMISTRY FOR SURVIVAL POWDER MAKING * Chapter 4 - SALTPETER * Chapter 5 - CHARCOAL * Chapter 6 - SULFUR * Chapter 7 - SWEET SOLUTIONS * Chapter 8 - THE MINIMALIST MINER ==Book== [[Media:Do_It_Yourself_Gunpowder_Cookbook_Paladin_Press.pdf|Don McLean The Do-It-Yourself GUNPOWDER COOKBOOK]] 6cfb38d46494759f89277791f800ea38935340ad 6 41 59 2019-09-13T05:23:57Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 42 62 2019-09-26T07:10:08Z B00m 2 Created page with "The war-torn Middle East has become synonymous with terror bombings, and the devices used are remarkably simple in design, cleverly disguised and extremely lethal. Ominously,..." wikitext text/x-wiki The war-torn Middle East has become synonymous with terror bombings, and the devices used are remarkably simple in design, cleverly disguised and extremely lethal. Ominously, there is an Increasing likelihood of encountering one of these bombs in US. cities, says the author of this book, who has more than 15 years’ experience with “everythree-letter antiterrorist, drug enforcement, and law-enforcement agency in Washington,” as well as hands-on experience with the national police and military forces of five Middle Eastern countries (including Lebanon and Israel), several Latin American countries, and INTERPOL. Many of the 35 improvised bombs described in this book have been found terrorists and drug trafickers seeking entry into the United States. Partially constructed bombs, as well as‘materials and instructions for their completion, have been found secretly cached deep within our borders. This book has been written as a warning and training manual for police officers, EOD personnel, security providers, and concerned citizens threatened by the ever-widening tide international terrorism. For informationpurposes only. ==contents== * Antivehicle Gasoline Bomb * Banner Bomb 1 * Banner Bomb II * Bookshelf Device * Can with Dual System * Cartridge Box Bomb * Cassette Box Bomb * Cassette Box Incendiary * Cassette Player Device * Cement Hand Grenade * Chemical Firing Device * Cigarette Bomb * Command-Detonated Antipolice/EOD Device * Directional Vehicle Bomb * Door-Block Device. * Explosive Flashlight * Fragmentation Canister * Gas Tank Bomb * GravityDetonator * Improvised Electrical Detonator * Improvised Mortar Stand * Improvised Rocket Tube * Keyhole Contact Firing Device * Limpet Bomb * Mailbox Bomb * Mousetrap Device * Poster Bomb * Pressure Plate Device * Pressure Release Device * Pull Banner * Pull-Type Firing Device * Safe House Intrusion Bomb * Segmented Antipersonnel Bomb * Suspension Bomb/DoorwayDevice * Trap Door Device ==Book== [[File:Terrorist_Bomb.pdf|Middle Eastern Terrorist Bomb Designs]] 4208231408bbfa266ebd435869762da6fd80a642 6 43 63 2019-09-26T07:12:45Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 44 65 2019-09-27T09:01:00Z B00m 2 Created page with "Ragnar’s Homemade Detonators: How to Make 'Em, How to Salvage 'Em, How to Detonate 'Em! ==Contents== # Introduction # Mechanical Construction # They Don’t Want You to Kno..." wikitext text/x-wiki Ragnar’s Homemade Detonators: How to Make 'Em, How to Salvage 'Em, How to Detonate 'Em! ==Contents== # Introduction # Mechanical Construction # They Don’t Want You to Know about This Primer Mixture # Final Assembly # An Alternative Primer Mixture # Improvised Trigger Devices # Air Bag Detonators # Conclusion ==Book== [[File:Homemade_Detonators.pdf|Ragnar Benson Homemade Detonators]] fc944a5f3b7a3433ad9bc53c0d52b043757cee35 6 45 66 2019-09-27T09:01:25Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 46 67 2019-10-01T05:13:09Z B00m 2 Created page with "From preface: Survivors generally agree that commercial explosives lend themselves best to commercial applications. Paramilitary survival explosives, as a general rule, need..." wikitext text/x-wiki From preface: Survivors generally agree that commercial explosives lend themselves best to commercial applications. Paramilitary survival explosives, as a general rule, need to be more powerful. For instance, store-bought dynamite will not cut steel or shatter concrete (usually). Many survivors believe that there are times ahead when they will need an explosive equivalent of military C-4, or plastique. However, as with the lottery, fire department, and post office, which are monopolized by various government agencies, the federal government monopolizes C-4, making it next to impossible to purchase. Survivors can’t count on buying and caching military explosives against the day of need. ... ==Contents== # Preface # Introduction. # Ammonium Nitrate # Nitromethane # Home Manufacture of C-4 # The Finished Product # Conclusion ==Book== [[File:Homemade_C-4.pdf|Ragnar Benson Homemade C-4: A Recipe for Survival]] 9f53bf434f3e97b509019ef3ebd7f36a5b9772f0 86 67 2019-10-17T03:44:53Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki From preface: Survivors generally agree that commercial explosives lend themselves best to commercial applications. Paramilitary survival explosives, as a general rule, need to be more powerful. For instance, store-bought dynamite will not cut steel or shatter concrete (usually). Many survivors believe that there are times ahead when they will need an explosive equivalent of military C-4, or plastique. However, as with the lottery, fire department, and post office, which are monopolized by various government agencies, the federal government monopolizes C-4, making it next to impossible to purchase. Survivors can’t count on buying and caching military explosives against the day of need. ... ==Contents== # Preface # Introduction. # Ammonium Nitrate # Nitromethane # Home Manufacture of C-4 # The Finished Product # Conclusion ==Book== [[Media:Homemade_C-4.pdf|Ragnar Benson Homemade C-4: A Recipe for Survival]] 1ebce9c9554f7e256bd37b9525e7f9f56bb22c74 6 47 68 2019-10-01T05:14:31Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 48 69 2019-10-02T02:49:48Z B00m 2 Created page with "Explosives are danegerous. In most countries it's forbidden to make them. Use your mind. You as an explosives expert should know that. Follow the well-known safety rules. Pri..." wikitext text/x-wiki Explosives are danegerous. In most countries it's forbidden to make them. Use your mind. You as an explosives expert should know that. Follow the well-known safety rules. Primary explosives are the most dangerous compounds anyone can make. Most accidents in which explosives are involved which are happened, are caused by the careless handling of primary explosives and detonators. ==Contents== * Primary Explosives ** ACETONE PEROXIDE ** DDNP/DINOL ** DOUBLE SALTS ** HMTD ** LEAD AZIDE ** LEAD PICRATE ** MEKAP ** MERCURY FULMINATE ** "MILK BOOSTER" ** NITROMANNITE ** SODIUM AZIDE ** TACC * Exotic and Friction Primers ** LEAD NITROANILATE ** NITROGEN SULFIDE ** NITROSOGUANIDINE ** TETRACENE ** CHLORATE-FRICTION PRIMERS ** CHLORATE-TRIMERCURY-ACETYLIDE ** TRIHYDRAZINE-ZINC (II) NITRATE *Fun and Touch Explosives ** CHLORATE IMPACT EXPLOSIVES ** COPPER ACETYLIDE ** DIAMMINESILVER II CHLORATE ** FULMINATING COPPER ** FULMINATING GOLD ** FULMINATING MERCURY ** FULMINATING SILVER ** NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE ** NITROGEN TRIIODIDE ** SILVER ACETYLIDE ** SILVER FULMINATE ** "YELLOW POWDER" ** Latest Additions *End ==Book== [[File:Improvised_Primary_Explosives.pdf|Dirk Goldmann Improvised Primary Explosives]] d099abc7e1bb9b570f06e610af86fae23fa98b28 6 49 70 2019-10-02T02:51:22Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 50 71 2019-10-02T03:01:01Z B00m 2 Created page with "Short overview about different explosives and who used them how. ==Contents== * Military Explosives ** C4 ** HMX ** PETN ** RDX ** Semtex * Commercial Explosives ** ANAL ** A..." wikitext text/x-wiki Short overview about different explosives and who used them how. ==Contents== * Military Explosives ** C4 ** HMX ** PETN ** RDX ** Semtex * Commercial Explosives ** ANAL ** ANFO ** Black Powder ** Dynamite ** Nitroglycerin ** Smokeless Powder ** TNT ** Urea Nitrate * Improvised Explosives* ** HMTD ** TATP ==Book== [[File:DHS-Explosives.pdf|Homeland Security Introduction to Explosives]] 4937b144848a40e8cdcf937f56e0d3cb27856456 6 51 72 2019-10-02T03:01:42Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 52 73 2019-10-02T03:57:46Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 53 74 2019-10-02T04:03:17Z B00m 2 Created page with "This field manual is designed to provide Special Forces (SF) engineers and unconventional warfare (UCW) personnel with several expedient methods of remote control (RC) detonat..." wikitext text/x-wiki This field manual is designed to provide Special Forces (SF) engineers and unconventional warfare (UCW) personnel with several expedient methods of remote control (RC) detonation of explosive devices in a tactical unconventional warfare environment. The use of radio transmitters and receivers in the application of demolitions is, by its very nature, an exacting ard precise science. It is assumed that the reader has no backgroundin electronics or communications. However, the techniques described in this manual should only be applied by a skilled demolitions or engineering specialist with knowledge of the safe handling and deployment of munitions in a tactical environment. The basic premise of this field manual is to meet the needs of the UCW commanderand his engineering personnel in the construction and deployment of short- and medium-range RC detonation equipment without the useof special tools or sophisticated electronics skills. The devices described in this manual can be designed and constructed using typically available materials in the urban UCW theatre in a minimal amount of time. Commanders are advised to use caution and discretion in making this manual and all related document to indigenous personnels available ==Contents== * Introduction * Chapter 1 - Concept and Tactical Application of RC Detonation * Chapter 2 - Basic Electronics Theory and Equipment * Chapter 3 - Field-Expedient Audio Modulated Relay * Chapter 4 - Touch-Tone Encoding and Decoding System * Chapter 5 - Modification of a Cordless Telephone * Chapter 6 - Modification of a Citizens Band Radio * Chapter 7 - Modification of an FM Wireless Microphone and Portable Receiver * Chapter 8 - Modification of an Auto-Alarm Paging System * Chapter 9 - Modification of a Wireless Intercom and Toy Walkie-Talkie * Chapter 10 - Modification of a Radio Paging System * Chapter 11 - Modification of a Cellular Mobile Telephone * Chapter 12 - Using a VHF Scanner as Your Receiver * Appendix A - Improvised Field-Expedient Blasting Cap * Appendix B - Recommended ReadingList for Further Information * Glossary * Index ==Book== [[File:Improvised_Radio_Detonation.pdf|Lawrence W. Myers IMPROVISED RADIO DETONATION TECHNIQUES]] 3dc81de761e3f2f2081c686080d78914d02aaa6f 88 74 2019-10-17T03:48:04Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki This field manual is designed to provide Special Forces (SF) engineers and unconventional warfare (UCW) personnel with several expedient methods of remote control (RC) detonation of explosive devices in a tactical unconventional warfare environment. The use of radio transmitters and receivers in the application of demolitions is, by its very nature, an exacting ard precise science. It is assumed that the reader has no backgroundin electronics or communications. However, the techniques described in this manual should only be applied by a skilled demolitions or engineering specialist with knowledge of the safe handling and deployment of munitions in a tactical environment. The basic premise of this field manual is to meet the needs of the UCW commanderand his engineering personnel in the construction and deployment of short- and medium-range RC detonation equipment without the useof special tools or sophisticated electronics skills. The devices described in this manual can be designed and constructed using typically available materials in the urban UCW theatre in a minimal amount of time. Commanders are advised to use caution and discretion in making this manual and all related document to indigenous personnels available ==Contents== * Introduction * Chapter 1 - Concept and Tactical Application of RC Detonation * Chapter 2 - Basic Electronics Theory and Equipment * Chapter 3 - Field-Expedient Audio Modulated Relay * Chapter 4 - Touch-Tone Encoding and Decoding System * Chapter 5 - Modification of a Cordless Telephone * Chapter 6 - Modification of a Citizens Band Radio * Chapter 7 - Modification of an FM Wireless Microphone and Portable Receiver * Chapter 8 - Modification of an Auto-Alarm Paging System * Chapter 9 - Modification of a Wireless Intercom and Toy Walkie-Talkie * Chapter 10 - Modification of a Radio Paging System * Chapter 11 - Modification of a Cellular Mobile Telephone * Chapter 12 - Using a VHF Scanner as Your Receiver * Appendix A - Improvised Field-Expedient Blasting Cap * Appendix B - Recommended ReadingList for Further Information * Glossary * Index ==Book== [[Media:Improvised_Radio_Detonation.pdf|Lawrence W. Myers IMPROVISED RADIO DETONATION TECHNIQUES]] 119ed703500ab0d61c2adfd4cafa53c603aea5cf 0 54 75 2019-10-10T04:39:50Z B00m 2 Created page with "Fire has a long history of use by terrorists and saboteurs because of its porential for major destruction from minor effort. Pound for pound, incendiaries can do more damage t..." wikitext text/x-wiki Fire has a long history of use by terrorists and saboteurs because of its porential for major destruction from minor effort. Pound for pound, incendiaries can do more damage than explosives, if properly used. Arson has also proven itself as an effective psychological weapon, playing upon man’s ancient awe and fear offire. The time lag between the start of the fire and the destruction of the Target can be an advantage in certain operations. In this third volume of the Advanced Improvised Explosives series, Author Seymour Lecker details the use of widely used, relatively inexpensive industrial chemicals that burn with intense heat. Also included is information on oxidizers and ignition devices, safety and health hazards, and a useful Glossary of chemical terms. Warning: Incendiary devices have the potential 10 be more dangerous for the maker than the intended target, and the use of proper safeguards and restraints is essential. This manualis presented for information purposes only. ==Contents== * Preface * Chapter 1 Industrial Chemicals * Chapter 2 Oxidizers * Chapter 8 Ignition Devices * Chapter 4 Labels * Appendix A Recommended Reading * Appendix B Glossary ==Book== [[File:Incendiaries-Advanced_Improvied.pdf|Seymour Lecker Incendiaries: Advanced Improvised Explosives]] fec4500227a79c29a001dd7fad28a4ae14634626 6 55 76 2019-10-10T04:43:20Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 6 56 77 2019-10-10T05:14:47Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 57 78 2019-10-10T05:15:41Z B00m 2 Created page with "Do you have a weapon in your arsenal that will hold off tanks or a small army of hostile people? What you need is a flamethrower. They're cheap; easy to build and maintain; an..." wikitext text/x-wiki Do you have a weapon in your arsenal that will hold off tanks or a small army of hostile people? What you need is a flamethrower. They're cheap; easy to build and maintain; and use common, inexpensive fuel. A recipe for napalm is included. One whiff of the dragon"s breath will put attackers at your mercy. This book tells how to make a flamethrower and Where to get the parts. Also has a section on The history of military flamethrowers. Be careful with this book, if you get pulled over By cops and they find this book in your vehicle, They will pull your ass out of ur car and search it and you for anything that resembles a flamethrower, or other weapon, Or anything else they think they might Find. ==Contents== * PREFACE * INTRODUCTION * CHAPTER ONE History of Flamethrowers * CHAPTER TWO Construction of a Flamethrower * CHAPTER THREE Manufactaring Napalm * CHAPTER FOUR Commercial Equipment * CONCLUSION ==Book== [[File:Breath_of_the_Dragon_Ragnar_Benson.pdf|Ragnar Benson Breath of the Dragon Homebuilt Flamethrowers]] b09890e89e6bca7d04bbc71864af095de033352e 6 58 79 2019-10-15T04:49:04Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0 59 80 2019-10-15T04:49:55Z B00m 2 Created page with "Complete Instructions on How to Build Undetectable Hand Grenades ==Contents== * Introduction * Chapter 1- Fuse Assembly * chapter 2 - Fragmentation Greade * Chapter3 - Incend..." wikitext text/x-wiki Complete Instructions on How to Build Undetectable Hand Grenades ==Contents== * Introduction * Chapter 1- Fuse Assembly * chapter 2 - Fragmentation Greade * Chapter3 - Incendiary Greade * Conclusion ==Book== [[File:Undetectable_Grenades.pdf|Eigene Feuer Undetectable Hand Grenades]] 633905df8edc46c24f1d474b039d4da36f37fddb 81 80 2019-10-17T03:36:43Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki Complete Instructions on How to Build Undetectable Hand Grenades ==Contents== * Introduction * Chapter 1- Fuse Assembly * chapter 2 - Fragmentation Greade * Chapter3 - Incendiary Greade * Conclusion ==Book== [[Media:Undetectable_Grenades.pdf|Eigene Feuer Undetectable Hand Grenades]] b153bbd88a92e8b7dd862613d3014a0044c5e7d4 0 30 84 40 2019-10-17T03:43:05Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki PREFACE TO VOLUME III The manuscript of Volume III was submitted to the publishers in 1960. Owing to the rapid progress in the many branches of chemistry and chemical technology that form the scope of this volume, some paragraphs became obsolete and it has therefore been necessary to add some new items and to rewrite certain paragraphs. The necessary information obtained from the current literature has been sup- plemented with data from a number of colleagues who kindly made available some less accessible material. It is my pleasant duty to express my thanks to Prof. S. Claesson (Uppsala), Prof. M. A. Cook (University of Utah, Salt Lake City), Prof. W. Cybulski (Mikolow, Poland), Dr. L. Deffet (Sterrebeck, Belgium), Dr. R. W. Van Dolah (Pittsburgh, Pa.), Dr. A. G. Grenier (Dow Chemical International, Midland, Michigan), Prof. J. Hackel (Warsaw), Prof. M. Kryszewski (Lodz), Dr. J. Meissner (Frankfurt a./M.), Prof. H, Sudo (Tokyo), Dr. A. Wetterholm (Gyttorp, Sweden) and to the firms: Draiswerke G.m.b.H., Maschinenfabrik (Mannheim- Waldhof), Olin Industries, Inc. (East Alton, 111.), H. Orth G.m.b.H. Fachbiiro fiir Verfahrensteclmik (Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim, Pfalz), Werner & Pfleiderer, Maschi- nenfabriken und Ofenbau (Stuttgart). Some of the problems, such as safety in coal mines, merit a special monographic treatment which should go far beyond the scope of this volume. Therefore safety in coal mines was tackled only from the point of view of the composition of coal mine explosives. Another rapidly developing branch of applied science is theory and practice of rocket propulsion. Only general information on composition of rocket propellants is given in the book. This is justified, as several special books on rocket fuel are now available. My thanks are due to the translator, Mr. M. Jurecki and to Mrs. Sylvia Laverton, F.R.I.C. for tidying up the English text and to Mrs. A. Malawska, M.Sc. for her skilled editorial work. ==contents== Part 1 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. ALIPHATIC NITRAMINES AND NITRAMIDES CHAPTER III. AROMATIC NITRAMINES CHAPTER IV. HETEROCYCLIC NITRAMINES Part 2 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. FULMINIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER III. HYDRAZOIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER IV. OTHER INITIATING EXPLOSIVES Part 3 CHAPTER I. HIGH EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER II. LIQUID EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER III. BLACKPOWDER CHAPTER IV. COMPOSITE PROPELLANTS FOR ROCKETS CHAPTER V. MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VI. THE MANUFACTURE OF MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VII. SMOKELESS POWDER CHAPTER VIII. THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKELESS POWDER ==Book== [[Media:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|caption]] 9ffd289dd1e7f64c2adf9115c42c46565523893a 85 84 2019-10-17T03:43:43Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki PREFACE TO VOLUME III The manuscript of Volume III was submitted to the publishers in 1960. Owing to the rapid progress in the many branches of chemistry and chemical technology that form the scope of this volume, some paragraphs became obsolete and it has therefore been necessary to add some new items and to rewrite certain paragraphs. The necessary information obtained from the current literature has been sup- plemented with data from a number of colleagues who kindly made available some less accessible material. It is my pleasant duty to express my thanks to Prof. S. Claesson (Uppsala), Prof. M. A. Cook (University of Utah, Salt Lake City), Prof. W. Cybulski (Mikolow, Poland), Dr. L. Deffet (Sterrebeck, Belgium), Dr. R. W. Van Dolah (Pittsburgh, Pa.), Dr. A. G. Grenier (Dow Chemical International, Midland, Michigan), Prof. J. Hackel (Warsaw), Prof. M. Kryszewski (Lodz), Dr. J. Meissner (Frankfurt a./M.), Prof. H, Sudo (Tokyo), Dr. A. Wetterholm (Gyttorp, Sweden) and to the firms: Draiswerke G.m.b.H., Maschinenfabrik (Mannheim- Waldhof), Olin Industries, Inc. (East Alton, 111.), H. Orth G.m.b.H. Fachbiiro fiir Verfahrensteclmik (Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim, Pfalz), Werner & Pfleiderer, Maschi- nenfabriken und Ofenbau (Stuttgart). Some of the problems, such as safety in coal mines, merit a special monographic treatment which should go far beyond the scope of this volume. Therefore safety in coal mines was tackled only from the point of view of the composition of coal mine explosives. Another rapidly developing branch of applied science is theory and practice of rocket propulsion. Only general information on composition of rocket propellants is given in the book. This is justified, as several special books on rocket fuel are now available. My thanks are due to the translator, Mr. M. Jurecki and to Mrs. Sylvia Laverton, F.R.I.C. for tidying up the English text and to Mrs. A. Malawska, M.Sc. for her skilled editorial work. ==contents== Part 1 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. ALIPHATIC NITRAMINES AND NITRAMIDES CHAPTER III. AROMATIC NITRAMINES CHAPTER IV. HETEROCYCLIC NITRAMINES Part 2 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER II. FULMINIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER III. HYDRAZOIC ACID AND ITS SALTS CHAPTER IV. OTHER INITIATING EXPLOSIVES Part 3 CHAPTER I. HIGH EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER II. LIQUID EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER III. BLACKPOWDER CHAPTER IV. COMPOSITE PROPELLANTS FOR ROCKETS CHAPTER V. MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VI. THE MANUFACTURE OF MINING EXPLOSIVES CHAPTER VII. SMOKELESS POWDER CHAPTER VIII. THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKELESS POWDER ==Book== [[Media:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski_text.pdf|Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 3]] 4099b3f61dc6c83fa0ee00f019b8255548dc5371 0 31 89 38 2019-10-17T04:01:37Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki Since 1964-67 when the previous three volumes of Chemistry and Technology of Explosives appeared, considerable progress has been made in the field of the science of explosives - the science in a broader sense which includes not only the theoretical knowledge of explosives but also their manufacture, problems of safety in the manufacturing processes and handling. As in the previous three volumes the author limited his text to chemistry and technology of explosives. The problems of the theory of detonation and analyti- cal ones are not discussed here and are only touched as much as it was needed to understand the properties of explosives. Thus in the 'Introduction' chapter a description is given of the relationship between the chemical structure and the parameters of the explosive properties, as this refers to the structural problems of organic substances possessing such properties. However, the author wishes to point out that he is not giving the full review of the existing progress for some particular reasons — a general philosophy for Peace in the World and some personal reason as a former POW. He is completely against the use of explosives for military purposes and has dedicated his book to peaceful applications. The author wishes to quote from the book by S. Fordham, High Explosives and Propellants (Pergamon Press): "The explosives technologist, who has usually seen and perhaps even experienced the effects of explosives is the last to want war or for his products to be used for warlike purposes. It is no accident that Nobel who founded the modem explosives industry also founded the Peace Prize associated with his name". Once more the author would like to repeat what he said in the preface to his book in 1964-67: ". . . more explosives have been used in peace than in war. Modem civilization and modem progress would be impossible without explos- ives." Nevertheless, following this line of thought no mention is made in this book on shells, projectiles, fuses etc., or other parts of military weapons. How- ever it is still difficult to distinguish between military and peaceful application of military weapons. Here are a few examples: Gas burning from a newly drilled oil pit in Karlin in Northern Poland in 1981 was successfully extinguished with howitzer shells; the danger of an avalanche of snow can be prevented by firing special guns with shells filled ==Contents== Chapter 1. Nitration and nitrating agents 21 Chapter 2. Nitration of aromatic systems 46 Chapter 3. Structures and physico-chemical properties of Chapter 4. Reactivity of aromatic nitro compounds 96 Chapter 5. Photochemistry of nitro compounds 129 Chapter 6. Nitro derivatives of benzene, toluene and other aromatics 138 Chapter 7. Heat resistant explosives 202 Chapter 8. Aliphatic nitro compounds 218 Chapter 9. Difluoroamino compounds 270 Chapter 10. Esters 281 Chapter 11 . Production of nitrate esters 324 Chapter 12. Carbohydrate nitrates 339 Chapter 13. AJ-Nitro compounds (JV-nitramines and A-nitramides) 354 Chapter 14. Explosive polymers 404 Chapter 15. Recovery of spent acids 422 Chapter 16. Salts of nitric acid and of oxy-acids of chlorine 437 Chapter 17. Primary explosives: initiators, initiating explosives (IE) 462 Chapter 18. Black powder (gun powder) 506 Chapter 19. Commercial (Mining) Explosives 515 Chapter 20. The manufacture of commercial (mining) explosives 558 Chapter 21 . Liquid explosives 568 Chapter 22. Smokeless powder 577 Chapter 23. Composite propellants 602 Chapter 24. Problems of safety in the manufacture Chapter 25. Toxicity of explosives 627 ==Book== [[Media:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIv-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 4]] c9a9871ec1ca6fccb4a8bf3a6f9dfb4295d4b540 91 89 2019-10-18T04:31:24Z B00m 2 wikitext text/x-wiki Since 1964-67 when the previous three volumes of Chemistry and Technology of Explosives appeared, considerable progress has been made in the field of the science of explosives - the science in a broader sense which includes not only the theoretical knowledge of explosives but also their manufacture, problems of safety in the manufacturing processes and handling. As in the previous three volumes the author limited his text to chemistry and technology of explosives. The problems of the theory of detonation and analyti- cal ones are not discussed here and are only touched as much as it was needed to understand the properties of explosives. Thus in the 'Introduction' chapter a description is given of the relationship between the chemical structure and the parameters of the explosive properties, as this refers to the structural problems of organic substances possessing such properties. However, the author wishes to point out that he is not giving the full review of the existing progress for some particular reasons — a general philosophy for Peace in the World and some personal reason as a former POW. He is completely against the use of explosives for military purposes and has dedicated his book to peaceful applications. The author wishes to quote from the book by S. Fordham, High Explosives and Propellants (Pergamon Press): "The explosives technologist, who has usually seen and perhaps even experienced the effects of explosives is the last to want war or for his products to be used for warlike purposes. It is no accident that Nobel who founded the modem explosives industry also founded the Peace Prize associated with his name". Once more the author would like to repeat what he said in the preface to his book in 1964-67: ". . . more explosives have been used in peace than in war. Modem civilization and modem progress would be impossible without explosives." Nevertheless, following this line of thought no mention is made in this book on shells, projectiles, fuses etc., or other parts of military weapons. How- ever it is still difficult to distinguish between military and peaceful application of military weapons. Here are a few examples: Gas burning from a newly drilled oil pit in Karlin in Northern Poland in 1981 was successfully extinguished with howitzer shells; the danger of an avalanche of snow can be prevented by firing special guns with shells filled with high explosives; firing rockets with explosives loaded with silver iodide is in use for promoting rain (Vol. III, p. 324). Silver iodide dis· persed in higher layers of atmosphere by anti-aircraft rounds is in use in the U.S.S.R., according to "TWA Ambaswlor" (p. 37, May 1981). ==Contents== Chapter 1. Nitration and nitrating agents 21 Chapter 2. Nitration of aromatic systems 46 Chapter 3. Structures and physico-chemical properties of Chapter 4. Reactivity of aromatic nitro compounds 96 Chapter 5. Photochemistry of nitro compounds 129 Chapter 6. Nitro derivatives of benzene, toluene and other aromatics 138 Chapter 7. Heat resistant explosives 202 Chapter 8. Aliphatic nitro compounds 218 Chapter 9. Difluoroamino compounds 270 Chapter 10. Esters 281 Chapter 11 . Production of nitrate esters 324 Chapter 12. Carbohydrate nitrates 339 Chapter 13. AJ-Nitro compounds (JV-nitramines and A-nitramides) 354 Chapter 14. Explosive polymers 404 Chapter 15. Recovery of spent acids 422 Chapter 16. Salts of nitric acid and of oxy-acids of chlorine 437 Chapter 17. Primary explosives: initiators, initiating explosives (IE) 462 Chapter 18. Black powder (gun powder) 506 Chapter 19. Commercial (Mining) Explosives 515 Chapter 20. The manufacture of commercial (mining) explosives 558 Chapter 21 . Liquid explosives 568 Chapter 22. Smokeless powder 577 Chapter 23. Composite propellants 602 Chapter 24. Problems of safety in the manufacture Chapter 25. Toxicity of explosives 627 ==Book== [[Media:ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIv-TadeuszUrbanski.pdf|Tadeusz Urbanski Chemistry and Technology of Explosives volume 4]] e770187d0a67e4bd90e886d39b35166725e9b50c 0 32 90 46 2019-10-17T04:26:15Z B00m 2 /* Book */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Anarchist Cookbook''''', first published in 1971,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book | title=The Anarchist Cookbook LoC entry |lccn = 71127797}}</ref> is a book that contains instructions for the manufacture of [[Explosive material|explosives]], rudimentary telecommunications [[phreaking]] devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for home manufacturing of illicit drugs, including [[LSD]]. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="Salon">{{cite news | url=http://www.salon.com/2000/09/18/anarchy/ | title=Blowing up ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' | first=Katharine | last=Mieszkowski | work=[[Salon.com]] | date=September 18, 2000 | accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref> Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation, but the copyright belonged to the publisher who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. == History == === Creation === ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was written by William Powell as a teenager and first published in 1971 at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="Salon"/> Powell gained inspiration for his text from his experiences with Vietnam veterans during his time living in Manhattan. During this time, the pacifist movements of the 1960s began to take a more violent turn, having been responsible for over a hundred politically inspired bombings. Powell began plans to become a writer but decided upon a political course when he was drafted to the Vietnam war, which inspired him to write "recipes" and later compile them into a "cookbook".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Dokoupil |first1=Tony |title=Sorry About All the Bombs: William Powell wrote a terrorist bible. Forty Years Later, he revisits his work. |work=[[Newsweek]] |volume=157 |issue=9 |date=2011-02-28 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/854940252 |issn=0028-9604 |via=[[ProQuest]] |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The initial vision of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was to post instructional flyers in Manhattan, including how to properly throw a [[Molotov cocktail]] and how to make LSD. These "recipes" were eventually adapted to make up an entire book.<ref name=Thompson>{{Cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Tony |title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author |work=[[The Observer]] |date=2000-06-11 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jun/11/booksnews.uksecurity |issn=0029-7712 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> From 1968 to 1970, Powell began researching in the "U.S. Combat Bookshelf" at the New York Public Library, including external texts such as ''The [[Boy Scout Handbook]]'', ''Fuck the System'' by [[Abbie Hoffman]], and other popular anarchist texts. The initial manuscript was sent to Lyle Stuart in 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Powell stated ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was initially designed as a book meant to provide education towards "the silent majority" of the American population. He described that the book was not intended for extant political fringe organizations, rather it was designed to galvanize a great societal change by inciting the general population. The ultimate goal of the text was to provide the general population with the skills and capabilities to organize against fascist, capitalist, and communist threats that he perceived. Powell stated "The central idea to the book was that violence is an acceptable means to bring about political change," a sentiment he would renounce later in life.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> === Author remorse === After writing the book as a teenager, Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Saner|first=Emine|title=Why the author of The Anarchist Cookbook wants it taken off the shelves|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/dec/18/why-anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-off-shelves|work=The Guardian|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Salon"/> In 1979, Powell left the United States, traveling to the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia. There he worked as a faculty member for international schools backed by the United States. During this time, he began writing about pedagogy and conflict resolution. This led him to renounce his book and instead campaign for its discontinuation.<ref name=":1" /> He was unable to legally stop publication of ''The Anarchist's Cookbook'' because the [[copyright]] had been issued to the original publisher ([[Lyle Stuart]]), and subsequent publishers that purchased the rights have kept the title in print. Powell publicly renounced his book in a 2013 piece calling for the book to "quickly and quietly go out of print".<ref>{{cite news |title=I wrote the Anarchist Cookbook in 1969. Now I see its premise as flawed |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 December 2013|accessdate=19 December 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/19/anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-out-of-print}}</ref> Having written the book, Powell had difficulty finding employment throughout his life, having described the book as "a youthful indiscretion or mistake that can haunt someone during their early years or even longer."<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Langer |first1=Emily |title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 66 |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=2017-03-30 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/william-powell-author-who-later-renounced-his-notorious-volume-the-anarchist-cookbook-dies-at-66/2017/03/30/76838842-1551-11e7-9e4f-09aa75d3ec57_story.html |language=en |accessdate=2019-04-30 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2011, Powell and his wife, Ochan Kusuma-Powell, founded Next Frontier: Inclusion, a nonprofit serving children with developmental and learning disabilities, describing it as a means to atone for writing the text.<ref name=":4" /> William Powell died of cardiac arrest on 11 July 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Richard Sandomir|title=William Powell, Anarchist Cookbook writer, Dies at 66|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/arts/william-powell-anarchist-cookbook-writer-dies.html?_r=0|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 March 2017}}</ref> === Publication status === Powell originally sent the manuscript to over 30 publishers until Lyle Stuart bought the book and its copyright. Powell received royalties for the book, approximately $35,000, until he split with the company in 1976.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1892920338|title=William Powell: Angry young man who inspired terrorists, hijackers and crackpots before he became a teacher of children with special needs|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Despite Powell's protest against the continued publication of the test, the copyright of the book never belonged to its author, but to its publisher [[Lyle Stuart]].<ref name="Salon"/> The publisher Lyle Stuart Inc agreed to publish the text as an attempt to defy the CIA and FBI's efforts to obtain lists of people who checked out books that were deemed subversive.<ref name=":2" /> Stuart kept publishing the book until the company was bought in 1991 by Steven Schragis, who decided to drop it. Out of the 2,000 books published by the company, it was the only one that Schragis decided to stop publishing. Schragis said publishers have a responsibility to the public, and the book had no positive social purpose that could justify keeping it in print.<ref name="nym">{{Cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Dinitia |title=The Happy Hawker: Tyro Publisher Steven Schragis's Genius for Promoting Schlock |work=[[New York Magazine]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |page=46<!--full article is 40–46--> |date=1992-01-06 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-MCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46 |issn=0028-7369 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The copyright was bought in 2002 by Delta Press (aka Ozark Press<ref>[http://katv.com/archive/arkansas-publisher-keeping-controversial-book-on-the-shelves Arkansas publisher keeping controversial book on the shelves] (2015 April 21)</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/2011/01/pl_print_anarchistcookbook/ The Anarchist Cookbook Turns 40] (2011 January 31)</ref>) an [[Arkansas]]-based publisher that specializes in controversial books, where the title is their "most-asked-for volume".<ref name=NBCNews17Dec /> As of 2016, over two million copies of the book have been sold.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882356577|title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 6: His 1971 guide to drugs, booby traps, sabotage, hand-to-hand combat and explosives sold more than 2 million copies.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> == Content summary == === Foreword === The Anarchist Cookbook begins with a Foreword section, detailing the author's intentions for the text. At the time of writing, Powell believed that the United States was slowly declining towards communism, thus he found it necessary to pen a book that guided people on revolution against this transition. He championed the idea of "bringing America back to where she was two hundred years ago", believing his revolutionary ideals to be reactionary, rather than proactive.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title='Power Must Be Taken': Excerpts From 'The Anarchist Cookbook' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-12-22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/books/excerpts-from-the-anarchist-cookbook.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Powell begins with his vision for the book in how it is intended to educate a galvanize the public to make tangible change in their home countries. Powell states that fringe political organizations, such [[Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)|The Minutemen]] and [[Weather Underground|The Weathermen]], are not the intended audience, rather it is written for "the silent majority". Powell envisioned the United State people rebelling against what he deemed to be oppressive capitalistic ideals, and to a lesser extent, against fascist and communist movements.<ref name=":3" /> === Content === Powell begins the content of his book discussing anarchy and anarchist theory. Anarchy, by his definition, is a wide scale mass uprising by the people, similar to that of civil disobedience through violence.<ref name=":3" /> He believed that anarchy was the innate state of all individuals, and therefore human nature would drive people to participate in such practices. Powell believed that current expressions of politics, arts, music, and education all contained innate principles of anarchist ideals, thereby equating anarchism to individualism. This principle drives Powell's argumentation as he believed that the current political climate and Vietnam war had undermined human values, therefore revolution based upon his perception of human dignity and freedom was what drove him to write the piece. He ends his introduction by warning of the seriousness that these recipes may have deadly consequences if used improperly.<ref name=":3" /> The chapters of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' include descriptions and detailed instructions in hand-to-hand combat, explosives, booby traps, drugs, tear gas, sabotage and demolition, surveillance, improvised weapons and other topics related to anarchism.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== Table of Contents ==== Table of Contents # Counterfeiting Money # Credit Card Fraud # Making Plastic Explosives # Picking Master Locks # The Arts of Lockpicking I # The Arts of Lockpicking II # Solidox Bombs # High Tech Revenge: The Beigebox # COý Bombs # Thermite II Bombs # Touch Explosives # Letter Bombs # Paint Bombs # Ways to send a car to HELL # Do you hate school? # Phone related vandalism # Highway police radar jamming # Smoke Bombs # Mail Box Bombs # Hot-wiring cars # Napalm # Fertilizer Bomb # Tennis Ball Bomb # Diskette Bombs # Unlisted Phone Numbers # Fuses # How to make Potassium Nitrate # Exploding Light bulbs # Under water igniters # Home-brew blast cannon # Chemical Equivalency List # Phone Taps # Landmines # A different Molitov Cocktail # Phone Systems Tutorial I # Phone Systems Tutorial II # Basic Alliance Teleconferencing # Aqua Box Plans # Hindenberg Bomb # How to Kill Someone # Phone Systems Tutorial III # Black Box Plans # The Blotto Box # Blowgun # Brown Box Plans # Calcium Carbide Bomb # More Ways to Send a Car to Hell # Ripping off Change Machines # Clear Box Plans # CNA Number Listing # Electronic Terrorism # Start a Conf# w/o 2600hz or MF # Dynamite # Auto Exhaust Flame Thrower # How to Break into BBs Express # Firebomb # Fuse Bomb # Generic Bomb # Green Box Plans # Portable Grenade Launcher # Basic Hacking Tutorial I # Basic Hacking Tutorial II # Hacking DEC's # Harmless Bombs # Breaking into Houses # Hypnotism # Remote Informer Issue #1 # Jackpotting ATM Machines # Jug Bomb # Fun at K-Mart # Mace Substitute # How to Grow Marijuana # Match Head Bomb # Terrorizing McDonalds # "Mentor's" Last Words # The Myth of the 2600hz Detector # Blue Box Plans # Napalm II # Nitroglycerin Recipe # Operation: Fuckup # Stealing Calls from Payphones # Pool Fun # Free Postage # Unstable Explosives # Weird Drugs # The Art of Carding # Recognizing Credit Cards # How to Get a New Identity # Remote Informer Issue #2 # Remote Informer Issue #3 # Remote Informer Issue #4 # Remote Informer Issue #5 # Phreaker's Guide to Loop Lines # Ma-Bell Tutorial # Getting Money out of Pay Phones # Computer-based PBX # PC-Pursuit Port Statistics # Pearl Box Plans # The Phreak File # Red Box Plans # RemObS # Scarlet Box Plans # Silver Box Plans # Bell Trashing # Canadian WATS Phonebook # Hacking TRW # Hacking VAX & UNIX # Verification Circuits # White Box Plans # The BLAST Box # Dealing with the R&R Operator # Cellular Phone Phreaking # Cheesebox Plans # Start Your Own Conferences # Gold Box Plans # The History of ESS # The Lunch Box # Olive Box Plans # The Tron Box # More TRW Info # "Phreaker's Phunhouse" # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Sodium Chlorate # Mercury Fulminate # Improvised Black Powder # Nitric Acid # Dust Bomb Instructions # Carbon-Tet Explosive # Making Picric Acid from Aspirin # Reclamation of RDX from C-4 # Egg-based Gelled Flame Fuels # Clothespin Switch # Flexible Plate Switch # Low Signature System [Silencers] # Delay Igniter From Cigarette # Nicotine # Dried Seed Timer # Nail Grenade # Bell Glossary # Phone Dial Locks -- Beat'em # Exchange Scanning # A Short History of Phreaking # "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" # The History of British Phreaking # "Bad as Shit" # Telenet # Fucking with the Operator # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 1, Issue 1 # International Country Codes List # Infinity Transmitter Plans # LSD # Bananas# Yummy Marihuana Recipes # Peanuts # Chemical Fire Bottle # Igniter from Book Matches # "Red or White Powder" Propellant # Pipe Hand Grenade # European Credit Card Fraud # Potassium Bomb # Your Legal Rights # Juvenile Offenders' Rights # Down The Road Missle # Fun With Shotgun Shells # Surveillance Equipment # Drip Timer # Stealing # Miscellaneous # Shaving cream bomb # Ripping off change machines II # Lockpicking the EASY way # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Prelude # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 1 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 2 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 3 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 4 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 5 # Explosives and Propellants # Lockpicking III # Chemical Equivalent List II # Nitroglycerin II # Cellulose Nitrate # Starter Explosives # Flash Powder # Exploding Pens # Revised Pipe Bombs # * SAFETY * A MUST READ! # Ammonium TriIodide # Sulfuric Acid & Amm# Nitrate III # Black Powder III # Nitrocellulose # RDX # The Black Gate BBS # ANFOS # Picric Acid II # Bottled Explosives # Dry Ice # Fuses / Ignitors / Delays # Film Canister Bombs # Book Bombs # Phone Bombs # Special Ammunition # Rocketry # Pipe Cannon II # Smoke Bombs # Firecrackers # Suppliers II # Lab-Raid Checklist # Misc Anarchy # Combo Locks II # Misc Anarchy II # Thermite IV == Reception == === Legal reviews === At the time of its publication, one [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] memo described ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' as "one of the crudest, low-brow, paranoiac writing efforts ever attempted".<ref>[[Jesse Walker|Walker, Jesse]] (2011-02-16) [http://reason.com/blog/2011/02/16/the-fbi-on-the-anarchist-cookb The FBI on ''The Anarchist Cookbook''], ''[[Reason magazine|Reason]]''</ref> The book was reviewed by the Department of Justice, the White House, the FBI, and by both [[John Dean]] and [[Mark Felt]], [[Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon's]] lawyer and [[J. Edgar Hoover|FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover']]<nowiki/>s associate director respectively. While having concerns about the text, the FBI concluded that it could not be regulated as it was published through [[mass media]].<ref name=":1" /> Furthermore, the FBI ruled that the Anarchist Cookbook does not incite "forcible resistance to any law of the United States" and is therefore protected under the First Amendment.<ref name=":5" /> While much of the text was deemed to be inaccurate, the FBI concluded that the chapter on explosives "appears to be accurate in most respects".<ref name=":5" /> Since its conception, the FBI has kept records of the book, releasing the bulk of its investigation file in 2010.<ref>[https://www.governmentattic.org/4docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook] Retrieved on February 14, 2011</ref><ref>[http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf Mirror of "FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708233552/http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf |date=July 8, 2015 }} Retrieved on July 24, 2013</ref> === Anarchism === Advocates of [[anarchism]] dispute the association of the book with anarchist political philosophy. The anarchist collective [[CrimethInc.]], which published the book ''[[Recipes for Disaster|Recipes for Disaster: An Anarchist Cookbook]]'' in response, denounces the earlier book, saying it was "not composed or released by anarchists, not derived from anarchist practice, not intended to promote freedom and autonomy or challenge repressive power – and was barely a cookbook, as most of the recipes in it are notoriously unreliable".<ref>''[[The Guardian]]'', September 2004, as quoted at [http://www.crimethinc.com/books/rfd.html CWC Books : Recipes For Disaster] Retrieved on November 22, 2007</ref> == Media presence == === Internet/Media === Much of the publication was copied and made available as text documents online<ref name=kernel>{{cite web|last=Sankin |first=Aaron |url=http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/headline-story/12210/anarchist-cookbook-history-usenet/ |title=The Kernel |publisher=Kernelmag.dailydot.com |date=2015-03-22 |accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> through [[Usenet]] and [[FTP]] sites hosted in academic institutions in the early 1990s, and has been made available via [[web browsers]] from their inception in the mid-1990s to the present day. The name varies slightly from ''Anarchist Cookbook'' to ''Anarchy Cookbook'' and the topics have expanded vastly in the intervening decades. Many of the articles were attributed to an anonymous author called "The Jolly Roger". In 2001, British businessman Terrance Brown created the now defunct website anarchist-cookbook.com and sold copies of his derivative work, titled ''Anarchist Cookbook 2000''. Knowledge of the book, or copied online publications of it, increased along with the increase in public access to the Internet throughout the mid-1990s. Newspapers ran stories about how easy the text was to get hold of, and the influence it may have had with terrorists, criminals, and experimental teenagers.<ref name=kernel /> === Film === {{see also|American Anarchist}} The book was a frequent target for [[Book censorship|censorship]] throughout the 1990s.<ref>American Library Association: [http://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/100-most-frequently-challenged-books-1990%E2%80%931999 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999]</ref> It served as a central element of the 2002 [[romantic comedy]] ''[[The Anarchist Cookbook (film)|The Anarchist Cookbook]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-anarchist-cookbook|title=The Anarchist Cookbook Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> Repercussions from the book's publication, and the author's subsequent disavowal of its content, were the subject of the 2016 [[documentary film]] ''[[American Anarchist]]'' by Charlie Siskel. In the film, William Powell explains in depth his thoughts on the book and the consequences it had in his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/american-anarchist|title=American Anarchist Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> It further explores the themes of responsibility and repercussions that decision can have on one's life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882781392|title=The long-lasting effects of revolutionary rhetoric explored in doc 'American Anarchist'|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Powell's passing in 2016 received little media coverage until the release of American Anarchist, which was released a few months after his death.<ref name=":0" /> == People who have used the book == In 1976, police linked the bombing of Grand Central Terminal and hijacking of a TWA flight to Croatian radicals who employed directions from ''The Anarchist Cookbook.''<ref name=":1" /> In 1981, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was linked to Puerto Rican rebels who bombed a FBI headquarters using the book's directions. Thomas Spinks also employed the text during the bombings of 10 abortion clinics in the United States.<ref name=":1" /> In 1995, the perpetrators of the Oklahoma City bombing were alleged to have used directions from this book.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, police found ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' in possession of the individuals who carried out the [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine High School shooting]] in [[Littleton, Colorado]]. It is believed they drew inspiration from the text.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, imitations of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was used by the London Nail Bomber, David Copeland, who killed three people. These imitations included ''The Terrorists' Handbook'' and ''How to Make Bombs''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/250474767|title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author The man whose 'Anarchist Cookbook' helped fuel three decades of terrorism admits: I was misguided|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2002, the Canadian government permitted the book to be imported for the United States. Canada Customs and Revenue Agency concluded the book does not violate either hate or obscenity laws, therefore the previous ban on the text was resolved.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anarchist book legal |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |page=A5 |date=2002-12-15 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/252946714 |via=[[ProQuest]] |quote=...the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency says there is nothing to prevent [the book's] legal sale in Canada because it violates neither the hate law nor obscenity law.|df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2007, a 17-year-old was arrested in the [[United Kingdom]] and faced charges under [[Terrorism in the UK|anti-terrorism law in the UK]] for possession of this book, among other things.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boy in court on terror charges|work=BBC News |date=2007-10-05 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7030096.stm }}</ref> He was cleared of all charges in October 2008, after arguing that he was a prankster who just wanted to research fireworks and smoke bombs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teenage bomb plot accused cleared |work=BBC News |date=2008-10-23 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bradford/7685636.stm}}</ref> In [[County Durham]], UK in 2010, [[Ian Davison]] and his son were imprisoned under anti-terrorism laws for the manufacturing of [[ricin]], and their possession of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'', along with its availability, was noted by the authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=County Durham terror plot father and son are jailed |work=BBC News |date=2010-05-14 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/8682132.stm}}</ref> This led to a London judge and police campaigning to have the book banned in the UK.<ref name=":1" /> In 2011, the book was linked to the Tucson shooting of U.S. Rep. [[Gabby Giffords|Gabrielle Giffords]] (D-Ariz) who was wounded in the incident.<ref name=":4" /> In 2012, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was found to have been in the possession of the perpetrator of the Aurora theater shooting.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 2013, renewed calls were made in the United States to ban this book, citing links to [[Arapahoe High School (Centennial, Colorado)#Shooting|a school shooting]] in Colorado, USA by Karl Pierson.<ref name=NBCNews17Dec>{{cite web |last=Dokoupil |first=Tony |title=After latest shooting, murder manual author calls for book to be taken 'immediately' out of print |url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/12/17/21938739-after-latest-shooting-murder-manual-author-calls-for-book-to-be-taken-immediately-out-of-print |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=17 December 2013 |accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref> In 2015, the [[London Public Transport Bombings|London public-transport bombers]] were linked to having used this book.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, United States Senator Dianne Feinstein (D- Calif) pushed to have the book removed from online databases.<ref name=":0" /> The book was refused classification by the [[Australian Classification Board|Office of Film and Literature Classification]] upon release, thus making the book [[Censorship in Australia|banned in Australia]]. It was classified RC again on 31 October 2016.<ref name="unimelb1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|title=Banned Books in Australia: A Selection|publisher=University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203214917/http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|archivedate=February 3, 2016|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?sid=%2bcCU9dI5cS8GlPdDig3iVQ%253d%253d&ncdctx=D%252fdXurf9RWVzhQkIgiewMipZUW4dXsXHsq4gbFLb6EnqcssKz8wMV8UDM2mkWalB5xYrLxsyq8UzWgOmiob5Fw%253d%253d|title=THE ANARCHIST COOKBOOK|date=October 31, 2016|work=Classification Board|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> In 2017, a 27-year-old was prosecuted in the UK solely for the possession of the book. He was found not guilty.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/10/28/josh-walker-anarchist-cookbook-terrorism-act-uk/|title=How the U.K. Prosecuted a Student on Terrorism Charges for Downloading a Book|first=Ryan|last=Gallagher|date=October 28, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> == Book == [[Media:anarchistcookbook2000.pdf|Anarchist Cookbook 2000]] == See also == * ''[[The Big Book of Mischief]]'' * ''[[The Poor Man's James Bond]]'' * ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' == External links == {{Wikiquote|William Powell (author)|William Powell}} * [https://archive.org/details/AnarchistCookbookFBIFile FBI file on the Anarchist Cookbook, 1971–1999] {{Portal bar|Anarchism|Books|Freedom of speech|1970s}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchist Cookbook, The}} [[Category:1971 books]] [[Category:American non-fiction books]] [[Category:Censored books]] 03dcf647d7bf10b430e06ddd3649e357bdf8ec90 92 90 2021-06-03T07:07:07Z Chejo0Ie 3 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Anarchist Cookbook''''', first published in 1971,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book | title=The Anarchist Cookbook LoC entry |lccn = 71127797}}</ref> is a book that contains instructions for the manufacture of [[Explosive material|explosives]], rudimentary telecommunications [[phreaking]] devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for home manufacturing of illicit drugs, including [[LSD]]. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="Salon">{{cite news | url=http://www.salon.com/2000/09/18/anarchy/ | title=Blowing up ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' | first=Katharine | last=Mieszkowski | work=[[Salon.com]] | date=September 18, 2000 | accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref> Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation, but the copyright belonged to the publisher who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. Be careful! The recipes in this book are dangerous and may blow yourself up! == History == === Creation === ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was written by William Powell as a teenager and first published in 1971 at the apex of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture era]] to protest against [[Role of United States in the Vietnam War|United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="Salon"/> Powell gained inspiration for his text from his experiences with Vietnam veterans during his time living in Manhattan. During this time, the pacifist movements of the 1960s began to take a more violent turn, having been responsible for over a hundred politically inspired bombings. Powell began plans to become a writer but decided upon a political course when he was drafted to the Vietnam war, which inspired him to write "recipes" and later compile them into a "cookbook".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Dokoupil |first1=Tony |title=Sorry About All the Bombs: William Powell wrote a terrorist bible. Forty Years Later, he revisits his work. |work=[[Newsweek]] |volume=157 |issue=9 |date=2011-02-28 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/854940252 |issn=0028-9604 |via=[[ProQuest]] |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The initial vision of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was to post instructional flyers in Manhattan, including how to properly throw a [[Molotov cocktail]] and how to make LSD. These "recipes" were eventually adapted to make up an entire book.<ref name=Thompson>{{Cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Tony |title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author |work=[[The Observer]] |date=2000-06-11 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jun/11/booksnews.uksecurity |issn=0029-7712 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> From 1968 to 1970, Powell began researching in the "U.S. Combat Bookshelf" at the New York Public Library, including external texts such as ''The [[Boy Scout Handbook]]'', ''Fuck the System'' by [[Abbie Hoffman]], and other popular anarchist texts. The initial manuscript was sent to Lyle Stuart in 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Powell stated ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was initially designed as a book meant to provide education towards "the silent majority" of the American population. He described that the book was not intended for extant political fringe organizations, rather it was designed to galvanize a great societal change by inciting the general population. The ultimate goal of the text was to provide the general population with the skills and capabilities to organize against fascist, capitalist, and communist threats that he perceived. Powell stated "The central idea to the book was that violence is an acceptable means to bring about political change," a sentiment he would renounce later in life.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> === Author remorse === After writing the book as a teenager, Powell converted to [[Anglicanism]] in 1976, and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Saner|first=Emine|title=Why the author of The Anarchist Cookbook wants it taken off the shelves|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/dec/18/why-anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-off-shelves|work=The Guardian|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Salon"/> In 1979, Powell left the United States, traveling to the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia. There he worked as a faculty member for international schools backed by the United States. During this time, he began writing about pedagogy and conflict resolution. This led him to renounce his book and instead campaign for its discontinuation.<ref name=":1" /> He was unable to legally stop publication of ''The Anarchist's Cookbook'' because the [[copyright]] had been issued to the original publisher ([[Lyle Stuart]]), and subsequent publishers that purchased the rights have kept the title in print. Powell publicly renounced his book in a 2013 piece calling for the book to "quickly and quietly go out of print".<ref>{{cite news |title=I wrote the Anarchist Cookbook in 1969. Now I see its premise as flawed |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 December 2013|accessdate=19 December 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/19/anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-out-of-print}}</ref> Having written the book, Powell had difficulty finding employment throughout his life, having described the book as "a youthful indiscretion or mistake that can haunt someone during their early years or even longer."<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Langer |first1=Emily |title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 66 |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=2017-03-30 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/william-powell-author-who-later-renounced-his-notorious-volume-the-anarchist-cookbook-dies-at-66/2017/03/30/76838842-1551-11e7-9e4f-09aa75d3ec57_story.html |language=en |accessdate=2019-04-30 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2011, Powell and his wife, Ochan Kusuma-Powell, founded Next Frontier: Inclusion, a nonprofit serving children with developmental and learning disabilities, describing it as a means to atone for writing the text.<ref name=":4" /> William Powell died of cardiac arrest on 11 July 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Richard Sandomir|title=William Powell, Anarchist Cookbook writer, Dies at 66|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/arts/william-powell-anarchist-cookbook-writer-dies.html?_r=0|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 March 2017}}</ref> === Publication status === Powell originally sent the manuscript to over 30 publishers until Lyle Stuart bought the book and its copyright. Powell received royalties for the book, approximately $35,000, until he split with the company in 1976.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1892920338|title=William Powell: Angry young man who inspired terrorists, hijackers and crackpots before he became a teacher of children with special needs|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Despite Powell's protest against the continued publication of the test, the copyright of the book never belonged to its author, but to its publisher [[Lyle Stuart]].<ref name="Salon"/> The publisher Lyle Stuart Inc agreed to publish the text as an attempt to defy the CIA and FBI's efforts to obtain lists of people who checked out books that were deemed subversive.<ref name=":2" /> Stuart kept publishing the book until the company was bought in 1991 by Steven Schragis, who decided to drop it. Out of the 2,000 books published by the company, it was the only one that Schragis decided to stop publishing. Schragis said publishers have a responsibility to the public, and the book had no positive social purpose that could justify keeping it in print.<ref name="nym">{{Cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Dinitia |title=The Happy Hawker: Tyro Publisher Steven Schragis's Genius for Promoting Schlock |work=[[New York Magazine]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |page=46<!--full article is 40–46--> |date=1992-01-06 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-MCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46 |issn=0028-7369 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The copyright was bought in 2002 by Delta Press (aka Ozark Press<ref>[http://katv.com/archive/arkansas-publisher-keeping-controversial-book-on-the-shelves Arkansas publisher keeping controversial book on the shelves] (2015 April 21)</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/2011/01/pl_print_anarchistcookbook/ The Anarchist Cookbook Turns 40] (2011 January 31)</ref>) an [[Arkansas]]-based publisher that specializes in controversial books, where the title is their "most-asked-for volume".<ref name=NBCNews17Dec /> As of 2016, over two million copies of the book have been sold.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882356577|title=William Powell, author who later renounced his notorious volume 'The Anarchist Cookbook,' dies at 6: His 1971 guide to drugs, booby traps, sabotage, hand-to-hand combat and explosives sold more than 2 million copies.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> == Content summary == === Foreword === The Anarchist Cookbook begins with a Foreword section, detailing the author's intentions for the text. At the time of writing, Powell believed that the United States was slowly declining towards communism, thus he found it necessary to pen a book that guided people on revolution against this transition. He championed the idea of "bringing America back to where she was two hundred years ago", believing his revolutionary ideals to be reactionary, rather than proactive.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title='Power Must Be Taken': Excerpts From 'The Anarchist Cookbook' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-12-22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/books/excerpts-from-the-anarchist-cookbook.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Powell begins with his vision for the book in how it is intended to educate a galvanize the public to make tangible change in their home countries. Powell states that fringe political organizations, such [[Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)|The Minutemen]] and [[Weather Underground|The Weathermen]], are not the intended audience, rather it is written for "the silent majority". Powell envisioned the United State people rebelling against what he deemed to be oppressive capitalistic ideals, and to a lesser extent, against fascist and communist movements.<ref name=":3" /> === Content === Powell begins the content of his book discussing anarchy and anarchist theory. Anarchy, by his definition, is a wide scale mass uprising by the people, similar to that of civil disobedience through violence.<ref name=":3" /> He believed that anarchy was the innate state of all individuals, and therefore human nature would drive people to participate in such practices. Powell believed that current expressions of politics, arts, music, and education all contained innate principles of anarchist ideals, thereby equating anarchism to individualism. This principle drives Powell's argumentation as he believed that the current political climate and Vietnam war had undermined human values, therefore revolution based upon his perception of human dignity and freedom was what drove him to write the piece. He ends his introduction by warning of the seriousness that these recipes may have deadly consequences if used improperly.<ref name=":3" /> The chapters of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' include descriptions and detailed instructions in hand-to-hand combat, explosives, booby traps, drugs, tear gas, sabotage and demolition, surveillance, improvised weapons and other topics related to anarchism.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== Table of Contents ==== Table of Contents # Counterfeiting Money # Credit Card Fraud # Making Plastic Explosives # Picking Master Locks # The Arts of Lockpicking I # The Arts of Lockpicking II # Solidox Bombs # High Tech Revenge: The Beigebox # COý Bombs # Thermite II Bombs # Touch Explosives # Letter Bombs # Paint Bombs # Ways to send a car to HELL # Do you hate school? # Phone related vandalism # Highway police radar jamming # Smoke Bombs # Mail Box Bombs # Hot-wiring cars # Napalm # Fertilizer Bomb # Tennis Ball Bomb # Diskette Bombs # Unlisted Phone Numbers # Fuses # How to make Potassium Nitrate # Exploding Light bulbs # Under water igniters # Home-brew blast cannon # Chemical Equivalency List # Phone Taps # Landmines # A different Molitov Cocktail # Phone Systems Tutorial I # Phone Systems Tutorial II # Basic Alliance Teleconferencing # Aqua Box Plans # Hindenberg Bomb # How to Kill Someone # Phone Systems Tutorial III # Black Box Plans # The Blotto Box # Blowgun # Brown Box Plans # Calcium Carbide Bomb # More Ways to Send a Car to Hell # Ripping off Change Machines # Clear Box Plans # CNA Number Listing # Electronic Terrorism # Start a Conf# w/o 2600hz or MF # Dynamite # Auto Exhaust Flame Thrower # How to Break into BBs Express # Firebomb # Fuse Bomb # Generic Bomb # Green Box Plans # Portable Grenade Launcher # Basic Hacking Tutorial I # Basic Hacking Tutorial II # Hacking DEC's # Harmless Bombs # Breaking into Houses # Hypnotism # Remote Informer Issue #1 # Jackpotting ATM Machines # Jug Bomb # Fun at K-Mart # Mace Substitute # How to Grow Marijuana # Match Head Bomb # Terrorizing McDonalds # "Mentor's" Last Words # The Myth of the 2600hz Detector # Blue Box Plans # Napalm II # Nitroglycerin Recipe # Operation: Fuckup # Stealing Calls from Payphones # Pool Fun # Free Postage # Unstable Explosives # Weird Drugs # The Art of Carding # Recognizing Credit Cards # How to Get a New Identity # Remote Informer Issue #2 # Remote Informer Issue #3 # Remote Informer Issue #4 # Remote Informer Issue #5 # Phreaker's Guide to Loop Lines # Ma-Bell Tutorial # Getting Money out of Pay Phones # Computer-based PBX # PC-Pursuit Port Statistics # Pearl Box Plans # The Phreak File # Red Box Plans # RemObS # Scarlet Box Plans # Silver Box Plans # Bell Trashing # Canadian WATS Phonebook # Hacking TRW # Hacking VAX & UNIX # Verification Circuits # White Box Plans # The BLAST Box # Dealing with the R&R Operator # Cellular Phone Phreaking # Cheesebox Plans # Start Your Own Conferences # Gold Box Plans # The History of ESS # The Lunch Box # Olive Box Plans # The Tron Box # More TRW Info # "Phreaker's Phunhouse" # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 27 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 28 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 3, Issue 30 # Sodium Chlorate # Mercury Fulminate # Improvised Black Powder # Nitric Acid # Dust Bomb Instructions # Carbon-Tet Explosive # Making Picric Acid from Aspirin # Reclamation of RDX from C-4 # Egg-based Gelled Flame Fuels # Clothespin Switch # Flexible Plate Switch # Low Signature System [Silencers] # Delay Igniter From Cigarette # Nicotine # Dried Seed Timer # Nail Grenade # Bell Glossary # Phone Dial Locks -- Beat'em # Exchange Scanning # A Short History of Phreaking # "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" # The History of British Phreaking # "Bad as Shit" # Telenet # Fucking with the Operator # Phrack Magazine-Vol# 1, Issue 1 # International Country Codes List # Infinity Transmitter Plans # LSD # Bananas# Yummy Marihuana Recipes # Peanuts # Chemical Fire Bottle # Igniter from Book Matches # "Red or White Powder" Propellant # Pipe Hand Grenade # European Credit Card Fraud # Potassium Bomb # Your Legal Rights # Juvenile Offenders' Rights # Down The Road Missle # Fun With Shotgun Shells # Surveillance Equipment # Drip Timer # Stealing # Miscellaneous # Shaving cream bomb # Ripping off change machines II # Lockpicking the EASY way # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Prelude # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 1 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 2 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 3 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 4 # Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol# 5 # Explosives and Propellants # Lockpicking III # Chemical Equivalent List II # Nitroglycerin II # Cellulose Nitrate # Starter Explosives # Flash Powder # Exploding Pens # Revised Pipe Bombs # * SAFETY * A MUST READ! # Ammonium TriIodide # Sulfuric Acid & Amm# Nitrate III # Black Powder III # Nitrocellulose # RDX # The Black Gate BBS # ANFOS # Picric Acid II # Bottled Explosives # Dry Ice # Fuses / Ignitors / Delays # Film Canister Bombs # Book Bombs # Phone Bombs # Special Ammunition # Rocketry # Pipe Cannon II # Smoke Bombs # Firecrackers # Suppliers II # Lab-Raid Checklist # Misc Anarchy # Combo Locks II # Misc Anarchy II # Thermite IV == Reception == === Legal reviews === At the time of its publication, one [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] memo described ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' as "one of the crudest, low-brow, paranoiac writing efforts ever attempted".<ref>[[Jesse Walker|Walker, Jesse]] (2011-02-16) [http://reason.com/blog/2011/02/16/the-fbi-on-the-anarchist-cookb The FBI on ''The Anarchist Cookbook''], ''[[Reason magazine|Reason]]''</ref> The book was reviewed by the Department of Justice, the White House, the FBI, and by both [[John Dean]] and [[Mark Felt]], [[Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon's]] lawyer and [[J. Edgar Hoover|FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover']]<nowiki/>s associate director respectively. While having concerns about the text, the FBI concluded that it could not be regulated as it was published through [[mass media]].<ref name=":1" /> Furthermore, the FBI ruled that the Anarchist Cookbook does not incite "forcible resistance to any law of the United States" and is therefore protected under the First Amendment.<ref name=":5" /> While much of the text was deemed to be inaccurate, the FBI concluded that the chapter on explosives "appears to be accurate in most respects".<ref name=":5" /> Since its conception, the FBI has kept records of the book, releasing the bulk of its investigation file in 2010.<ref>[https://www.governmentattic.org/4docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook] Retrieved on February 14, 2011</ref><ref>[http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf Mirror of "FBI Files on the Anarchist Cookbook"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708233552/http://rc.vc/files/docs/FBI-AnarchistsCookbook_1971-1999.pdf |date=July 8, 2015 }} Retrieved on July 24, 2013</ref> === Anarchism === Advocates of [[anarchism]] dispute the association of the book with anarchist political philosophy. The anarchist collective [[CrimethInc.]], which published the book ''[[Recipes for Disaster|Recipes for Disaster: An Anarchist Cookbook]]'' in response, denounces the earlier book, saying it was "not composed or released by anarchists, not derived from anarchist practice, not intended to promote freedom and autonomy or challenge repressive power – and was barely a cookbook, as most of the recipes in it are notoriously unreliable".<ref>''[[The Guardian]]'', September 2004, as quoted at [http://www.crimethinc.com/books/rfd.html CWC Books : Recipes For Disaster] Retrieved on November 22, 2007</ref> == Media presence == === Internet/Media === Much of the publication was copied and made available as text documents online<ref name=kernel>{{cite web|last=Sankin |first=Aaron |url=http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/headline-story/12210/anarchist-cookbook-history-usenet/ |title=The Kernel |publisher=Kernelmag.dailydot.com |date=2015-03-22 |accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> through [[Usenet]] and [[FTP]] sites hosted in academic institutions in the early 1990s, and has been made available via [[web browsers]] from their inception in the mid-1990s to the present day. The name varies slightly from ''Anarchist Cookbook'' to ''Anarchy Cookbook'' and the topics have expanded vastly in the intervening decades. Many of the articles were attributed to an anonymous author called "The Jolly Roger". In 2001, British businessman Terrance Brown created the now defunct website anarchist-cookbook.com and sold copies of his derivative work, titled ''Anarchist Cookbook 2000''. Knowledge of the book, or copied online publications of it, increased along with the increase in public access to the Internet throughout the mid-1990s. Newspapers ran stories about how easy the text was to get hold of, and the influence it may have had with terrorists, criminals, and experimental teenagers.<ref name=kernel /> === Film === {{see also|American Anarchist}} The book was a frequent target for [[Book censorship|censorship]] throughout the 1990s.<ref>American Library Association: [http://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/100-most-frequently-challenged-books-1990%E2%80%931999 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999]</ref> It served as a central element of the 2002 [[romantic comedy]] ''[[The Anarchist Cookbook (film)|The Anarchist Cookbook]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-anarchist-cookbook|title=The Anarchist Cookbook Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> Repercussions from the book's publication, and the author's subsequent disavowal of its content, were the subject of the 2016 [[documentary film]] ''[[American Anarchist]]'' by Charlie Siskel. In the film, William Powell explains in depth his thoughts on the book and the consequences it had in his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/american-anarchist|title=American Anarchist Reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> It further explores the themes of responsibility and repercussions that decision can have on one's life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1882781392|title=The long-lasting effects of revolutionary rhetoric explored in doc 'American Anarchist'|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Powell's passing in 2016 received little media coverage until the release of American Anarchist, which was released a few months after his death.<ref name=":0" /> == People who have used the book == In 1976, police linked the bombing of Grand Central Terminal and hijacking of a TWA flight to Croatian radicals who employed directions from ''The Anarchist Cookbook.''<ref name=":1" /> In 1981, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was linked to Puerto Rican rebels who bombed a FBI headquarters using the book's directions. Thomas Spinks also employed the text during the bombings of 10 abortion clinics in the United States.<ref name=":1" /> In 1995, the perpetrators of the Oklahoma City bombing were alleged to have used directions from this book.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, police found ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' in possession of the individuals who carried out the [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine High School shooting]] in [[Littleton, Colorado]]. It is believed they drew inspiration from the text.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 1999, imitations of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was used by the London Nail Bomber, David Copeland, who killed three people. These imitations included ''The Terrorists' Handbook'' and ''How to Make Bombs''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/250474767|title=Ban my bombers' guide, says author The man whose 'Anarchist Cookbook' helped fuel three decades of terrorism admits: I was misguided|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2002, the Canadian government permitted the book to be imported for the United States. Canada Customs and Revenue Agency concluded the book does not violate either hate or obscenity laws, therefore the previous ban on the text was resolved.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anarchist book legal |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |page=A5 |date=2002-12-15 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/252946714 |via=[[ProQuest]] |quote=...the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency says there is nothing to prevent [the book's] legal sale in Canada because it violates neither the hate law nor obscenity law.|df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2007, a 17-year-old was arrested in the [[United Kingdom]] and faced charges under [[Terrorism in the UK|anti-terrorism law in the UK]] for possession of this book, among other things.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boy in court on terror charges|work=BBC News |date=2007-10-05 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7030096.stm }}</ref> He was cleared of all charges in October 2008, after arguing that he was a prankster who just wanted to research fireworks and smoke bombs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teenage bomb plot accused cleared |work=BBC News |date=2008-10-23 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bradford/7685636.stm}}</ref> In [[County Durham]], UK in 2010, [[Ian Davison]] and his son were imprisoned under anti-terrorism laws for the manufacturing of [[ricin]], and their possession of ''The Anarchist Cookbook'', along with its availability, was noted by the authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=County Durham terror plot father and son are jailed |work=BBC News |date=2010-05-14 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/8682132.stm}}</ref> This led to a London judge and police campaigning to have the book banned in the UK.<ref name=":1" /> In 2011, the book was linked to the Tucson shooting of U.S. Rep. [[Gabby Giffords|Gabrielle Giffords]] (D-Ariz) who was wounded in the incident.<ref name=":4" /> In 2012, ''The Anarchist Cookbook'' was found to have been in the possession of the perpetrator of the Aurora theater shooting.{{r|Thompson}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} In 2013, renewed calls were made in the United States to ban this book, citing links to [[Arapahoe High School (Centennial, Colorado)#Shooting|a school shooting]] in Colorado, USA by Karl Pierson.<ref name=NBCNews17Dec>{{cite web |last=Dokoupil |first=Tony |title=After latest shooting, murder manual author calls for book to be taken 'immediately' out of print |url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/12/17/21938739-after-latest-shooting-murder-manual-author-calls-for-book-to-be-taken-immediately-out-of-print |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=17 December 2013 |accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref> In 2015, the [[London Public Transport Bombings|London public-transport bombers]] were linked to having used this book.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, United States Senator Dianne Feinstein (D- Calif) pushed to have the book removed from online databases.<ref name=":0" /> The book was refused classification by the [[Australian Classification Board|Office of Film and Literature Classification]] upon release, thus making the book [[Censorship in Australia|banned in Australia]]. It was classified RC again on 31 October 2016.<ref name="unimelb1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|title=Banned Books in Australia: A Selection|publisher=University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203214917/http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/special/exhibitions/bannedbooks/exhibition/australia.html|archivedate=February 3, 2016|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?sid=%2bcCU9dI5cS8GlPdDig3iVQ%253d%253d&ncdctx=D%252fdXurf9RWVzhQkIgiewMipZUW4dXsXHsq4gbFLb6EnqcssKz8wMV8UDM2mkWalB5xYrLxsyq8UzWgOmiob5Fw%253d%253d|title=THE ANARCHIST COOKBOOK|date=October 31, 2016|work=Classification Board|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> In 2017, a 27-year-old was prosecuted in the UK solely for the possession of the book. He was found not guilty.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/10/28/josh-walker-anarchist-cookbook-terrorism-act-uk/|title=How the U.K. Prosecuted a Student on Terrorism Charges for Downloading a Book|first=Ryan|last=Gallagher|date=October 28, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> == Book == [[Media:anarchistcookbook2000.pdf|Anarchist Cookbook 2000]] == See also == * ''[[The Big Book of Mischief]]'' * ''[[The Poor Man's James Bond]]'' * ''[[Rules for Radicals]]'' == External links == {{Wikiquote|William Powell (author)|William Powell}} * [https://archive.org/details/AnarchistCookbookFBIFile FBI file on the Anarchist Cookbook, 1971–1999] {{Portal bar|Anarchism|Books|Freedom of speech|1970s}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchist Cookbook, The}} [[Category:1971 books]] [[Category:American non-fiction books]] [[Category:Censored books]] c79e19f6997c7cb490cc0d1e789dd3d1ea0f7a9b 0 60 94 2022-06-06T14:12:46Z BUdMc1 4 Created page with "'''唐澤貴洋殺す'''（からさわたかひろころす）とは、[[恒心教]]の聖句である。'''神聖六文字'''<ref>ユダヤ教の[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wi..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''唐澤貴洋殺す'''（からさわたかひろころす）とは、[[恒心教]]の聖句である。'''神聖六文字'''<ref>ユダヤ教の[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97 神聖四文字]に由来。</ref>とも。 == 概要 == [[唐澤貴洋]]への殺害予告。略称を「'''カラコロ'''」といい、「カラコロ」という名称や擬音が含まれたものが風評被害の対象になったりする。 なお、「カラナメ」「ナメコロ」も併用される<ref>'''[[福嶋誠也|唐澤貴洋弁護士をナイフでメッタ刺しにして殺す]]'''の略。○○ナメの〇〇には、その旨の予告をされた人物の名前が入る</ref>。 通常ネット掲示板では殺害予告は「軽はずみでやった結果最悪逮捕に繋がる禁忌の行為」とされているが、カラコロにおいては少々事情が異なる。 [[dion君]]による初のカラコロスレが立ったことにより、「殺害予告」が従来の誹謗中傷の延長線上にあるものと認識されてしまい、[[なんJ]]内では同様の予告が多発した。さらにその後[[沖縄君]]などといった殺害予告を中心に活動する「過激派」と呼ばれる派閥が生まれ、'''ほぼ毎日殺害予告が頻発する'''という事態に陥った。その結果[[警察]]も膨大な数の事案を処理し切れなくなり、数ヶ月に一回未成年を中心に書類送検するのみにとどまった<ref>2017年12月現在においてカラコロによる逮捕者は[[安藤良太#2016年9月23日の裁判|安藤良太]]、[[福嶋誠也]]の二人、書類送検が[[大分君]]、[[群馬君]]、[[dion君]]の三人とされる。</ref>。そうした対応の結果、捕まった人間は「運が悪かった」とされ(「カラコロくじ当選者」と揶揄される事がある)、殺害予告は度胸試しの一種(チキンレース)としても用いられることとなる。2013年8月の[[300万騒動]]で一時落ち着きを見せるものの基本的には毎月100以上のスレが立ち、2014年7月にワード自体が規制(後述)されるまでこの流れは続くこととなった。 さらに同時期に[[Tor]]や[[VPN]]などのIPを偽装するツールが普及し、IPを偽装すれば[[セーフ理論|殺害予告してもセーフ]]という方向に向かい、ネット中でかつては禁忌であった殺害予告が常態化した。dion君はたったの六文字で殺害予告のパラダイムシフトを起こしたのである。 [[カラケー]]内ではほとんど殺害予告としては扱われず、一種の経のようなものとして解釈されることが多い。また「カラコロをすることで心が落ち着く」「[[優しい世界|優しい気持ち]]になれる」「一日一回カラコロしないと物足りない」「スレッド一覧の中で目立ちやすいためスレ一覧が引き締まる」と言った証言が確認されている。 「殺害予告」というスレの性質上いわゆるまとめアフィブログ管理人の転載対象にならないこともあり「カラコロスレは'''なんJのオアシス'''」と半ば冗談で言われている。一般的な殺害予告スレはほとんどが「通報しますた」「さすがにダメだろ(テレビ用)」「AUTO」等と言ったレスで埋められるが、カラコロでは最初に社交辞令的に「[[はい300万]]」「[[これはいけない。]]」などとレスされて以降は[[恒心教徒]]用雑談スレとなることが多い。 == 初出 == <div class="mw-code">[https://hayabusa.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/livejupiter/1342886932/ 唐澤貴洋殺す]([https://archive.vn/GslF8 魚拓])<br />1 ： <span style="color:green;">KHP059139070123.ppp-bb.dion.ne.jp</span>[] 投稿日：2012/07/22(日) 01:08:52.21 ID:UoY6obrH [1/1回]<br />　　唐澤貴洋殺す</div> 最古の殺害予告スレは通称「[[dion君]]」が立てたスレで[[はい300万|後に彼のもとに内容証明が届いた。]]なお、尊師は[[現代ビジネス#殺害予告をしてくる人々|2012年の11月頃から毛色の違う投稿が〜]]と発言しているが、dion君による初の神聖六文字スレは2012年7月22日でありこの証言は間違っている。　 == 総数に関する議論 == 先述したとおり膨大な数行われている殺害予告であるが、その実数に関しては様々な説が存在する。2012年7月にdion君が書き込んで以来、この瞬間も無限に増加し続けているため正確な統計はほぼ不可能といえる。 後述のように、唐澤貴洋は「100万回殺害予告された」としているが、実際には根拠薄弱である。ただし、下記のように2017年9月の時点で既に少なく見積もっても26万回以上は殺害予告されており、騒動が鎮火の気配を一切見せない以上、今現在100万回に達せずとも、将来的に100万回の殺害予告が現実のものとなる可能性が高い。 2chの計測にはログ速が便利だが、ログ速はクロールの精度からレスのつかなかったスレは取りこぼすことがスレの流れやすいなんJでは特に多い。 === 3,044件、3,519件説 === 前者はログ速によるスレタイ検索、後者は有志によって製作された[[メディア:JulyKoro.png|月別殺害予告数グラフ]]の合計である。スレタイのみの集計のためごく一部しか反映されていない。実際には2012年11月10日の[[仲間邦雄#最多殺害予告について|ID:4q3/UyuY]]だけでも4976回殺害予告をしており<ref>[http://hissi.org/read.php/livejupiter/20121110/NHEzL1V5dVk.html 必死チェッカーもどき なんでも実況J > 2012年11月10日 > 4q3/UyuY]([https://archive.vn/http://hissi.org/read.php/livejupiter/20121110/NHEzL1V5dVk.html* 魚拓])</ref>、ソースとしてはあまり役に立たない。 === 266,311件説 === 「真面目に唐澤貴洋の被殺害予告数を計算するスレ」<ref>[[エビケー]][https://koushin.xyz/test/read.cgi/evil/1499094810/ 当該スレ]([https://archive.vn/ijgJf 魚拓])</ref>にて有志が計算した数。2017年9月28日までのデータ。途中で頓挫しており2ch及び[[アサケー]]以前の[[カラケー]]データを含んでいない。 === 95万件説 === [[福嶋誠也]]逮捕以降多く見られた説。ソースは福嶋逮捕を報じた産経新聞のネット記事内や、テレビ朝日「グッド！モーニング」での[[玉音放送#第一次玉音放送|第一次玉音放送]]において殺害予告の実数が「95万件以上」と記述されたこと<ref>[http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/news/140508/crm14050814210011-n1.htm ２ちゃんねるで弁護士殺害予告した男逮捕　「反応が楽しみだった」]([https://archive.vn/265nz 魚拓]) - MSN産経ニュース 2014.5.8 14:21</ref>。しかしこの「95万件」という数は警察が発表した「'''誹謗中傷を含めた'''総数」を勘違いした誤報であり、ソースとしての信憑性は薄いが、尊師は[[現代ビジネス]]の記事でこれを採用している。 === 100万件説 === 95万件説と同時期に提唱された「100万件」は「2年で95万件なら1ヶ月くらいで100万件になるのではないか」と言われたことから現れた数字。後述するように現在唐澤貴洋本人はこの「100万件」という数字を講演会のタイトルにするなど[[恒心営業|自己宣伝]]に用いているが、最初に言い出したのは'''恒心教徒'''であり、しかも'''確たるソースは全くない'''ので注意。 === 250万件説 === かつて最も普及していた説である。ソースは予告文でGoogle検索をした結果とされる以下のコピペ。 1位 ジャスティン・ビーバー （カナダ） 1200万回 2位 唐澤貴洋 （日本） 250万回 3位 ジョージ・ブッシュJr. （アメリカ） 9万回 この説を根拠に「[[ジャスティン・ビーバー|ジャスティン]]がライバル」「世界二位の実績」などと冗談めかした形容がなされるが、実際に検索した結果だという客観的資料が提示されておらず、また仮にそのままの文章で検索した場合は「部分一致」となり「唐澤貴洋」だけのページや「殺す」だけのページが含まれている可能性があるため正確性には欠ける。 === 150万件説 === おそらく上記のコピペを改造して作られたであろうコピペが元ネタ<ref>[https://orpheus.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/livejupiter/1414637748/10 山里亮太「俺、殺害予告界のエースなんだよね」 <nowiki>[転載禁止]</nowiki>©2ch.net >>10]([https://archive.vn/JN3kO 魚拓])</ref>。[[バラいろダンディ]]で採用されたほか、「[[炎上弁護士]]」や「[[逆転人生]]」にもこのコピペが元と思われる言説がみられる。 1.Justin Bieber (Canada) 12,610,000 2.Takahiro Karasawa (Japan) 1,570,000 3.George W Bush (USA) 95,000 4.Lance Armstrong (USA) 80,000 5.Barack Obama (USA) 70,000 6.Carlos Slim (Mexico) 45,000 7.Paris Hilton (USA) 25,000 8.Tiger Woods (USA) 10,000 8.Ismail Haniyeh (Palestine) 10,000 === 本人による発言 === 初めて本人の口から殺害予告数について語られたのは2017年6月22日放送の「[[所さん！大変ですよ]]」であり、この時は100万件説を採用したが「インターネット上で言われているのは」と前置きした上でのことであった。ところが、その5か月後の11月13日放送の「[[クローズアップ現代+]]」では「私は100万回以上殺害予告をされている」と事実であるかのようなテロップが表示された(しかし音声をよく聞いてみると「殺害予告をされている'''と'''」とあり、当人は伝聞の意味で発言している可能性がある)。その1か月後の12月19日に「現代ビジネス」上に掲載された記事では「警察がある事件に関連して発表したときは、約95万件ということであった」と唐突に95万件説に逆戻りしている。この「警察の発表」とは明らかに福嶋誠也逮捕時の報道を指していることから、100万件説の根拠はやはり'''教徒の流したデマである疑い'''が強くなった。 その1年後の2018年12月13日には自伝である「炎上弁護士 なぜ僕が100万回の殺害予告を受けることになったのか」が発売されるが、タイトルで既に「100万件」を強くプッシュしているほか、本文では「警察の方から聞いた話だと、私は100万回もの殺害予告をされているとのことでした」といつの間にか'''警察から直接聞いた'''ことになっており、さらに続けて「殺害予告ランキング」という'''なんJのコピペ'''を持ち出して世界2位であることにまでしてしまっている。「殺害予告ランキング」は発売前の12月2日に出演した「[[バラいろダンディ]]」でも用いられたが、この時はコピペ通り殺害予告数を150万件とした結果著書との整合性が取れなくなってしまった。 このように本人の口から語られる殺害予告数は増減を繰り返したもののその後は「[[女性自身]]」「[[弁護士ドットコム#ネットで100万回殺された弁護士、唐澤貴洋「それでも大した問題じゃないと言えますか」(2018/12/18)|弁護士ドットコム]]」「[[週刊文春]]」二冊目の著書「[[そのツイート炎上します!]]」、自身のセミナー[[弁護士が受けた100万回の殺害予告～突然訪れる危機を回避する方法～]]などで100万件説を定説とするようになり、またソースも「捜査関係者から直接聞いた」ということにしているようである。その一方で「殺害予告ランキング」も依然援用されており、2019年5月20日放送の「逆転人生」では「ジャスティン・ビーバーに次ぐ」という<del>失礼極まりない</del>キャッチコピーが添えられたが、こちらに関しては依然'''情報源を明らかにしていない'''。ただし、上述のバラいろダンディでは出典不明のネットの情報であることが明確にされている。 == 2chでの規制 == === 2014年 === 7月12日に運営の[[Mango Mangue ★]]によってこの言葉が規制された<ref>警察がいろいろとうるさかった模様。</ref>。しかし、[[悪芋]]が[[Jim]]になんJでUnicodeを使えるように頼み、次の日にはUnicodeでの神聖六文字(通称「脱法六文字」)の書き込みが多く見られた。しかし翌日にはUnicodeが再び使えないようになり、現在スレタイには具体化(ナイフでメッタ刺しにする等)、[[唐澤洋|デリュコロ]]、'''貫'''洋殺すなどが存在する。 10月30日にMango Mangue ★が不具合修正のために2chの規制を少しだけ解除していた所を教徒がカラコロスレを立てた<ref>[https://orpheus.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/livejupiter/1414603225/ 唐澤貴洋殺す©2ch.net]([https://archive.vn/wGE3M 魚拓])</ref>。すぐに規制されたがなんJに3ヶ月ぶりに神聖六文字が見られた。 ちなみにこの日の仕様変更で「殺す」がスレタイに入っているだけでスレスト<ref>そのスレに書き込みができなくなりさらにIPが開示される</ref>される'''[[罰金バッキンガム]]'''が導入され<ref>目標が指定されていない「殺す」のみのスレタイやニュースのコピペした際に入っている場合も同様</ref>[[長谷川亮太|ハセコロ]]やヒロコロ、選手への予告も間接的に規制された。 11月20日、日付が変わった頃に突如神聖六文字が書き込めるようになり、再規制までの2時間半で6スレが完走。ちょうど連投規制も解除されていたこともあり1000回以上カラコロをする教徒が現れるなど非常に盛り上がった。JIMの誕生日を祝って規制解除したのでは？との声も挙がったが、Mango Mangue ★が自分のミスであったことを告白した。悪芋が何かしたという説もあるが真相は不明。 === 2015年 === 4月1日、新しく導入されていた2chのNGワード規制の、「NG指定された単語が一つのレスに多数書かれたものはコピペ爆撃とみなされ、点数制の規制(目玉規制)に回され書き込むことができる」というバグを利用し、およそ5か月半ぶりにカラコロが復活した<ref>[https://orpheus.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/livejupiter/1427895853/ 法律事務所クロスのホームページに爆弾しかけた <nowiki>[転載禁止]</nowiki>©2ch.net]([https://archive.vn/qLbw4 魚拓])</ref>。 12月30日、いつのまにか実体参照が使えるようになっていた。右から左に並べ替える制御文字を利用して、さらに9か月ぶりにカラコロが復活した<ref>[https://orpheus.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/livejupiter/1451474601/ ‮す殺洋貴澤唐‬ <nowiki>[無断転載禁止]</nowiki>©2ch.net]([https://archive.vn/sQvys 魚拓])</ref>。 === 2016年 === 6月8日にカラコロスレが立ち、160日振りにカラコロが復活した<ref>[https://raptor.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/livejupiter/1465301022/ 唐澤貴洋殺す <nowiki>[無断転載禁止]</nowiki>©2ch.net]([https://archive.vn/HKuMw 魚拓])</ref>。 === 2019年 === 4月30日に立てられたカラコロスレは「令和への改元祝いに」と、多くの人が集まった結果25分でスレが完走した<ref>[https://tomcat.2ch.sc/test/read.cgi/livejupiter/1556636232/ 該当スレ]([https://archive.vn/f0y7E 魚拓])</ref>。 == 異体字 == 2chで神聖六文字が規制されてから、殺(U+6BBA)を&#xF970;(U+F970)に置き換えた異体字版が登場した。なおU+F970は互換漢字である為、規制回避以外の用途での使用は推奨されない。規制回避ではなく異体字を使うことそのものが目的であれば、互換漢字ではなくIVSを用いて殺󠄀(U+6BBA U+E0100)とすべきである。 == 派生 == === ○○コロ === 派生としてなんJ内では殺害予告をその対象になった人物にあてはめ「○○コロ」と呼ぶことがある。 例を挙げると、 *[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%8B%E4%B8%89 安倍晋三]に対する予告=アベコロ *歌手ジャスティン・ビーバーに対する予告=ジャスコロ・ビバコロ *元DeNA/巨人、MLBの[https://wikiwiki.jp/livejupiter/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%99%E3%81%93%E3%81%84 山口俊]投手(どすこい)に対する予告=どすコロ *天皇に対する予告=テンコロ *[[恒辞苑:英数字#ZUN|ZUN]](太田順也)に対する予告=ズンコロ *[[出龍]]に対する予告=デリュコロ *[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%8E%E3%83%A0 テドロス・アダノム]に対する予告=テドコロ 他に「○○コロ」と呼ばれるのは *ナイフでメッタ刺しにして殺す=ナメコロ **唐澤貴洋ナイフでメッタ刺しにして殺す=カラナメと略称され、[[福嶋誠也]]はこれを書き込んで[[殉教]]した *殺害予告ではなく実際に殺害すること=ガチコロ === 各言語における神聖六文字 === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">翻訳 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> {| | style="width: 49%; float: left;" | {| style="width: 100%; overflow-wrap: anywhere;" | '''日琉語族''' *日本語(仮名交じり文): <span lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">唐澤貴洋殺す</span> *日本語(点字): <span lang="ja-Brai" xml:lang="ja-Brai">⠡⠑⠱⠄ ⠕⠡⠧⠚ ⠪⠚⠹</span> *八丈語: <span lang="ja" xml:lang="ja"><ruby><rb>唐澤貴洋</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>からそうたかひろ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>う<ruby><rb>殺</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>ころ</rt><rp>）</rp>そわ。</span> *奄美語: <span lang="ryn" xml:lang="ryn"><ruby><rb>唐澤貴洋</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>からそうたあひる</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><ruby><rb>殺</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>くっ</rt><rp>）</rp>しゅん。</span> *沖縄語: <span lang="ryu" xml:lang="ryu"><ruby><rb>唐澤貴洋</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>からさあたかふぃる</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><ruby><rb>殺</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>くる</rt><rp>）</rp>すん。</span> *宮古語: <span lang="mvi" xml:lang="mvi"><ruby><rb>唐澤貴洋</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>からさあたかぴる</rt><rp>）</rp>う<ruby><rb>死</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>す</rt><rp>）</rp>なす。</span> *八重山語: <span lang="rys" xml:lang="rys"><ruby><rb>唐澤貴洋</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>からさあたかぴる</rt><rp>）</rp>ゆ<ruby><rb>殺</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>くら</rt><rp>）</rp>すん。</span> *与那国語: <span lang="yoi" xml:lang="yoi"><ruby><rb>唐澤貴洋</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>からさあたがひる</rt><rp>）</rp><ruby><rb>殺</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>くる</rt><rp>）</rp>ん。</span> *候文: <span lang="ojp" xml:lang="ojp">唐󠄁澤貴洋‎相殺󠄀可仕候</span> *中古日本語: <span lang="ojp" xml:lang="ojp">唐󠄁澤貴洋𛀸ろさ𛃑</span> *上代日本語: <span lang="ojp" xml:lang="ojp">唐󠄁澤貴洋塢志齊務</span> '''印度・ヨーロッパ語族''' 　'''(ゲルマン語派)''' *英語: <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">I will kill Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *スコッツ語: <span lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Aw’ll kill Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *古英語(ルーン文字): <span lang="ang" xml:lang="ang">ᛁᚳ᛫ᚳᚹᛖᛚᛚᛖ᛫ᛏᚪᚳᚪᚻᛁᚱᚪᚾ᛫ᚳᚪᚱᚪᚴᚪᚹᚪᚾ᛬</span> *古英語(ラテン文字): <span lang="ang" xml:lang="ang">ıc cƿelle ꞇacahıꞃan caꞃaſaƿan.</span> *フリース語: <span lang="fy" xml:lang="fy">Ik sil Karasawa Takahiro deadzje.</span> *ドイツ語: <span lang="de" xml:lang="de">Ich töte Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ルクセンブルク語: <span lang="lb" xml:lang="lb">Ech maachen den Karasawa Takahiro dout.</span> *イディッシュ語: <span lang="yi" xml:lang="yi" dir="rtl">איך טײט קאַראַסאַװאַ טאַקאַהיראָ.&rlm;</span> *オランダ語: <span lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">Ik dod Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *アフリカーンス語: <span lang="af" xml:lang="af">Ek sal Karasawa Takahiro doodmaak.</span> *スウェーデン語: <span lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">Jag ska döda Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *デンマーク語: <span lang="da" xml:lang="da">Jeg skal dræbe Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ノルウェー語(ブークモール): <span lang="nb" xml:lang="nb">Jeg skal drepe Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク): <span lang="nn" xml:lang="nn">Eg skal drepe Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *アイスランド語: <span lang="is" xml:lang="is">Ég skal drepa Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *フェロー語: <span lang="fo" xml:lang="fo">Eg drepi Karasawu Takahiro.</span> *古ノルド語(ルーン文字): <span lang="non" xml:lang="non">ᛁᚴ᛬ᛅᛏᛚᛅ᛬ᛅᛏ᛬ᛏᚱᛁᛒᛅ᛬ᛏᛅᚴᛅᚼᛁᚱᛅ᛬ᚴᛅᚱᛅᛋᛅᚢᛅ</span> *古ノルド語(ラテン文字): <span lang="non" xml:lang="non">Ek æꞇla aꞇ ꝺꝛepa ꞇakahıra karaſaꝩa.</span> *ゴート語: <span lang="got" xml:lang="got">𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰:</span> 　'''(イタリック語派)''' *フランス語: <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Je vais tuer Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *オック語: <span lang="oc" xml:lang="oc">Vau tuar Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *アラン語: <span lang="oc" xml:lang="oc">Que vau a aucir Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *カタルーニャ語: <span lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">Vaig a matar en Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *スペイン語: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Voy a matar a Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ユダヤ・スペイン語(ラテン文字): <span lang="lad" xml:lang="lad">Vo matar Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ユダヤ・スペイン語(ヘブライ文字): <span lang="lad" xml:lang="lad" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Noto Rashi Hebrew';">בﬞו מאטאר קאראסאוה טאקאחירו.&rlm;</span> *ミランダ語: <span lang="mwl" xml:lang="mwl">Bou a matar a Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ガリシア語: <span lang="gl" xml:lang="gl">Vou matar a Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ポルトガル語: <span lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">Vou matar o Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *モサラベ語: <span lang="mxi" xml:lang="mxi" dir="rtl">متراي تاكاهيرو كاراساوا</span> *ロマンシュ語: <span lang="rm" xml:lang="rm">Jau vegn a mazzar Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *イタリア語: <span lang="it" xml:lang="it">Uccido Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *コルシカ語: <span lang="co" xml:lang="co">Tumbaraghju Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ルーマニア語: <span lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">O să ucid pe Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *アルーマニア語: <span lang="rup" xml:lang="rup">U s’vatãm pi Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ラテン語: <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Takahirum Karasavam occidam.</span> 　'''(ケルト語派)''' *アイルランド語: <span lang="ga" xml:lang="ga">Maróidh mé Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *スコットランド・ゲール語: <span lang="gd" xml:lang="gd">Marbhaidh mi Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *マン島語: <span lang="gv" xml:lang="gv">Marryms Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ウェールズ語: <span lang="cy" xml:lang="cy">Lladda i Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *コーンウォール語: <span lang="kw" xml:lang="kw">My a wra ladha Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ブルトン語: <span lang="br" xml:lang="br">Lazhañ a rin Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ガリア語: <span lang="xtg" xml:lang="xtg">TACAXIRON CARASAVAN IORXSꟾIVMꟾ</span> 　'''(バルト・スラヴ語派)''' *ロシア語: <span lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">Убью Карасаву Такахиро.</span> *ウクライナ語: <span lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">Убʼю Карасаву Такахіро.</span> *カルパティア・ルシン語: <span lang="rue" xml:lang="rue">Забю Карасаву Такахіра.</span> *パンノニア・ルシン語: <span lang="rue" xml:lang="rue">Забиєм Карасаву Такахира.</span> *ベラルーシ語: <span lang="be" xml:lang="be">Забʼю Карасаву Такахіра.</span> *ポーランド語: <span lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">Zabiję Karasawę Takahiro.</span> *カシューブ語: <span lang="csb" xml:lang="csb">Zabiã Karasawã Takahira.</span> *チェコ語: <span lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">Zabiju Karasawu Takahira.</span> *スロヴァキア語: <span lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">Zabijem Karasawu Takahira.</span> *高地ソルブ語: <span lang="hsb" xml:lang="hsb">Skóncuju Karasawu Takahiro.</span> *低地ソルブ語: <span lang="dsb" xml:lang="dsb">Skóńcuju Karasawu Takahiro.</span> *セルビア語: <span lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">Убићу Карасаву Такахира.</span> *モンテネグロ語: <span lang="cnr" xml:lang="cnr">Ubiću Karasawu Takahira.</span> *クロアチア語/ボスニア語: <span lang="hr" xml:lang="hr">Ubit ću Karasawu Takahira.</span> *スロヴェニア語: <span lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">Ubil bom Karasavo Takahiro.</span> *ブルガリア語: <span lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">Ще убия Карасава Такахиро.</span> *マケドニア語: <span lang="mk" xml:lang="mk">Ќе убијам Карасава Такахиро.</span> *古代教会スラヴ語(グラゴール文字): <span lang="cu" xml:lang="cu">ⰖⰁⰋⰩⰕⰀⰍⰀⰘⰉⰓⰑⰍⰀⰓⰀⰔⰀⰂⰨ·</span> *古代教会スラヴ語(キリル文字): <span lang="cu" xml:lang="cu">ѹбиѭтакахірокарасавѫ·</span> *ラトヴィア語: <span lang="lv" xml:lang="lv">Nogalināšu Karasavu Takahiro.</span> *リトアニア語: <span lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">Žudysiu Karasavą Takahiro.</span> *プロシア語: <span lang="prg" xml:lang="prg">As wīrst galīnuns Takahirun Karasawan.</span> 　'''(印度・イラン語派)''' *梵語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="sa" xml:lang="sa">ॐ करसवं तकहिरां हनिष्यामि हूं॥</span> *梵語(悉曇): <span lang="sa" xml:lang="sa">𑖌𑖼𑗅𑖎𑖨𑖭𑖪𑖽𑗅𑖝𑖎𑖮𑖰𑖨𑖯𑖽𑗅𑖮𑖡𑖰𑖬𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖦𑖰𑗅𑖮𑗝𑖽𑗃</span> *ギルナール山のアショーカ王碑文プラークリット: <span lang="pra" xml:lang="pra">𑀓𑀭𑀲𑀯𑀁𑀢𑀓𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀆𑀭𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀁</span> *ダウリーとジャウガダのアショーカ王碑文プラークリット: <span lang="pra" xml:lang="pra">𑀓𑀭𑀲𑀯𑀁𑀢𑀓𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀆𑀮𑀁𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀫𑀺</span> *ガーンダーラ語: <span lang="pgd" xml:lang="pgd" dir="rtl">𐨐𐨪𐨯𐨬𐨆𐨟𐨐𐨱𐨁𐨪𐨆𐨱𐨣𐨁𐨭𐨅𐩒</span> *パーリ語(シンハラ文字): <span lang="pi" xml:lang="pi">කරසවං තකහිරං ඝාතෙය්‍යාමි෴</span> *パーリ語(ビルマ文字): <span lang="pi" xml:lang="pi">ကရသဝံတကဟိရံဃာတေယျာမိ။</span> *パーリ語(クメール文字): <span lang="pi" xml:lang="pi" style="font-family: 'Moul';">ករសវំតកហិរំឃាតេយ្យាមិ៕</span> *パーリ語(タイ文字): <span lang="pi" xml:lang="pi">กรสวํตกหิรํฆาเตยฺยามิ๚</span> *パーリ語(ラーオ文字): <span lang="pi" xml:lang="pi">ກຣສວໍຕກຫິຣໍຆາເຕຢ຺ຢາມິ</span> *アルダマーガディー: <span lang="pka" xml:lang="pka">करसवं तकहिरं हणिस्सामि॥</span> *シャウラセーニー/マハーラーシュトリー: <span lang="psu" xml:lang="psu">करसवं तकहिरं हणिस्सं॥</span> *ウルドゥー語: <span lang="ur" xml:lang="ur" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیرو کاراساوا کو ماروں گا.&#x061C;</span> *ヒンディー語: <span lang="hi" xml:lang="hi">ताकाहिरो कारासावा को मारूँगा।</span> *グジャラート語: <span lang="gu" xml:lang="gu">ટાકાહિરો કારાસાવાને મારશ.</span> *サウラーシュトラ語: <span lang="saz" xml:lang="saz">ꢡꢒꢲꢶꢬꣁ ꢒꢬꢱꢮꢒꢸ ꢪꢬꢸ꣎</span> *パンジャーブ語(グルムキー文字): <span lang="pa" xml:lang="pa">ਤਾਕਾਹਿਰੋ ਕਾਰਾਸਾਵਾ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰਾਂਗਾ।</span> *パンジャーブ語(シャームキー文字): <span lang="pa" xml:lang="pa" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیرو کاراساوا نوں‎ ماراں گا.&#x061C;</span> *マールワーリー語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="rwr" xml:lang="rwr">ताकाहिरो कारासावानै मारूंलो।</span> *マールワーリー語(マハージャニー文字): <span lang="rwr" xml:lang="rwr">𑅣𑅕𑅱𑅭𑅕𑅭𑅰𑅯𑅧𑅬𑅭𑅮</span> *ロマ語: <span lang="rom" xml:lang="rom">Ka mudarav o Takahires Karasaven.</span> *フィジー・ヒンディー語: <span lang="hif" xml:lang="hif">ताकाहिरो कारासावा के मारेगा।</span> *サラーイーキー語(ペルシャ文字): <span lang="skr" xml:lang="skr" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیرو کاراساوا کوں مریساں.&#x061C;</span> *サラーイーキー語(ムルターニー文字): <span lang="skr" xml:lang="skr">𑊖𑊄𑊦𑊢 𑊄𑊢𑊥𑊤 𑊄 𑊠𑊢𑊥𑊩</span> *ヒンドコー語: <span lang="hnd" xml:lang="hnd" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیرو کاراساوا آں مارساں.&#x061C;</span> *シンド語(ペルシャ文字): <span lang="sd" xml:lang="sd" dir="rtl">تاڪاھيرو ڪاراساوا کي ماريندس.&#x061C;</span> *シンド語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="sd" xml:lang="sd">तकहिरो करसव खे मारींदुसि।</span> *シンド語(フダーバーディー文字): <span lang="sd" xml:lang="sd">𑋍𑊺𑋞𑋡𑋙𑋧 𑊺𑋙𑋝𑋛 𑊻𑋥 𑋗𑋠𑋙𑋢𑋟𑋏𑋣𑋝𑋡।</span> *シンド語(ホージャ文字): <span lang="sd" xml:lang="sd">𑈙𑈈𑈪𑈭𑈦𑈲 𑈈𑈦𑈩𑈨 𑈉𑈰 𑈤𑈬𑈦𑈮𑈴𑈛𑈯𑈩𑈭𑈸</span> *ネパール語: <span lang="ne" xml:lang="ne">ताकाहिरो कारासावालाई मार्नेछु।</span> *ドーグリー語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="dgo" xml:lang="dgo">ताकाहिरो कारासावा की मारङ।</span> *ドーグリー語(ドーグラー文字): <span lang="dgo" xml:lang="dgo">𑠙𑠊𑠪𑠭𑠤𑠵 𑠊𑠤𑠩𑠦𑠊𑠮 𑠢𑠬𑠤𑠎।</span> *ドーグリー語(タークリー文字): <span lang="dgo" xml:lang="dgo">𑚙𑚊𑚩𑚮𑚤𑚴 𑚊𑚤𑚨𑚦𑚊𑚯 𑚢𑚭𑚤𑚎।</span> *ベンガル語: <span lang="bn" xml:lang="bn">তাকাহিরো কারাসাওয়াকে মারব।</span> *アッサム語: <span lang="as" xml:lang="as">তাকাহিৰʼ কাৰাচাৱাক মাৰিম।</span> *チャクマ語: <span lang="ccp" xml:lang="ccp">𑄖𑄧𑄇𑄧𑄦𑄨𑄢𑄮 𑄇𑄧𑄢𑄧𑄥𑄧𑄤𑄧𑄢𑄬 𑄟𑄢𑄨𑄟𑄴𑅁</span> *シレット語: <span lang="syl" xml:lang="syl">ꠔꠣꠇꠣꠢꠤꠞꠧ ꠇꠣꠞꠣꠌꠣꠅꠀꠞꠦ ꠝꠣꠞꠝꠥ।</span> *ロヒンギャ語(ハニーフィー・ロヒンギャ文字): <span lang="rhg" xml:lang="rhg" dir="rtl">𐴃𐴝𐴑𐴝𐴈𐴞𐴌𐴡 𐴑𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴏𐴝𐴖𐴝 𐴇𐴝𐴍𐴞𐴉𐴠𐴤𐴓𐴞𐴘𐴟𐴔.&rlm;</span> *ロヒンギャ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="rhg" xml:lang="rhg">Takahiro Karasawa haçiféliyum.</span> *ボージュプリー語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="bho" xml:lang="bho">ताकाहिरो कारासावा के मारब।</span> *ボージュプリー語(カイティー文字): <span lang="bho" xml:lang="bho">𑂞𑂰𑂍𑂰𑂯𑂱𑂩𑂷 𑂍𑂰𑂩𑂰𑂮𑂰𑂫𑂰 𑂍𑂵 𑂧𑂰𑂩𑂥𑃀</span> *マイティリー語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="mai" xml:lang="mai">ताकाहिरॊ कारासावा के मारब।</span> *マイティリー語(ティルフータ文字): <span lang="mai" xml:lang="mai">𑒞𑒏𑒯𑒱𑒩𑒽 𑒏𑒩𑒮𑒫 𑒏𑒹 𑒧𑒰𑒩𑒥।</span> *オリヤー語: <span lang="or" xml:lang="or">ତାକାହିରୋ କାରାସାୱାକୁ ମରିବି।</span> *コーンカニー語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="kok" xml:lang="kok">ताकाहिरो कारासावाक मारतलों।</span> *コーンカニー語(ラテン文字): <span lang="kok" xml:lang="kok">Takahiro Karasawak martolom.</span> *マラーティー語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="mr" xml:lang="mr">ताकाहिरो कारासावाला मारणार आहे.</span> *マラーティー語(モーディー文字): <span lang="mr" xml:lang="mr">𑘝𑘎𑘮𑘱𑘨𑘻 𑘎𑘨𑘭𑘪𑘩𑘰 𑘦𑘰𑘨𑘜𑘰𑘨 𑘁𑘮𑘹𑙁</span> *シンハラ語: <span lang="si" xml:lang="si">තකහිරො කරසවව මරනවා.</span> *ディヴェヒ語: <span lang="dv" xml:lang="dv" dir="rtl">ތަކަހިރޮ ކަރަސަވަ މަރާނަން.&rlm;</span> *カシミール語(ペルシャ文字): <span lang="ks" xml:lang="ks" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">بٕہ مارٕ تاکاہیٖرۄ کاراساوا‎.&#x061C;</span> *カシミール語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="ks" xml:lang="ks">बॖ मारॖ तकहिरॊ करसव।</span> *カシミール語(シャーラダー文字): <span lang="ks" xml:lang="ks">𑆧𑆶𑇌 𑆩𑆳𑆫𑆶𑇌 𑆠𑆑𑆲𑆴𑆫𑆾 𑆑𑆫𑆱𑆮𑇅</span> *シナー語: <span lang="scl" xml:lang="scl" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیروࣿ کاراساوا مرم.&#x061C;</span> *アヴェスター語: <span lang="ae" xml:lang="ae" dir="rtl">𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀𐬒𐬌𐬭𐬆𐬨⸱𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬡𐬆𐬨⸱𐬘𐬀𐬥𐬴𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬼&rlm;</span> *古代ペルシャ語: <span lang="peo" xml:lang="peo">𐎫𐎣𐎧𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶𐏐𐎣𐎼𐎿𐎺𐎶𐏐𐎠𐎺𐎩𐎴𐎷𐎡𐎹𐏐</span> *ペルシャ語/ダリー語: <span lang="fa" xml:lang="fa" dir="rtl">تاکاهیرو کاراساوا را می‌کشم.&#x061C;</span> *タージーク語: <span lang="tg" xml:lang="tg">Такахиро Карасаваро мекушам.</span> *ブハーラー語: <span lang="bhh" xml:lang="bhh" dir="rtl">תַכַּהִירָה כַּרַסַוַיַה מֵיכּוּשַׁם.&rlm;</span> *タート語: <span lang="ttt" xml:lang="ttt">Takaxiro Karasavarə yebküşum.</span> *ユダヤ・タート語(ヘブライ文字): <span lang="jdt" xml:lang="jdt" dir="rtl">תאַכּאַכאִראָ כּאַראַסאַבאַראי מאִכּאושאום.&rlm;</span> *ユダヤ・タート語(キリル文字): <span lang="jdt" xml:lang="jdt">Такахиро Карасаваре микуьшуьм.</span> *クルド語クルマンジー方言(ラテン文字): <span lang="ku" xml:lang="ku">Ezê Takaxîro Karasawa bikujim.</span> *クルド語クルマンジー方言(ヤズィーディー文字): <span lang="ku" xml:lang="ku" dir="rtl">𐺀𐺦𐺏𐺩 𐺕𐺀𐺝𐺀𐺊𐺨𐺍𐺥 𐺝𐺀𐺍𐺀𐺑𐺀𐺤𐺀 𐺁𐺝𐺣𐺐𐺡.&rlm;</span> *クルド語ソラニー方言: <span lang="ku" xml:lang="ku" dir="rtl">تاکاھیرۆ کاراساوا دەکوژم.&#x061C;</span> *ザザキ語: <span lang="diq" xml:lang="diq">Takahiro Karasaway bıkşan.</span> *バローチー語: <span lang="bal" xml:lang="bal" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیرو کاراساوا ‌کشان.&#x061C;</span> *タリシュ語: <span lang="tly" xml:lang="tly">Takaxiro Karasavani bəkıştem.</span> *パルティア語(碑文パルティア文字): <span lang="xpr" xml:lang="xpr" dir="rtl">‎𐭕𐭀𐭊𐭀𐭇𐭉𐭓𐭅 𐭊𐭀𐭓𐭀𐭎𐭀𐭅𐭀 𐭒𐭈𐭋𐭅𐭌</span> *パルティア語(マニ文字): <span lang="xpr" xml:lang="xpr" dir="rtl">‎𐫎𐫀𐫐𐫀𐫑𐫏𐫡𐫇 𐫐𐫀𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫀𐫇𐫀 𐫀𐫇𐫋𐫗𐫀𐫖𐫲</span> *パフラヴィー語(碑文パフラヴィー文字): <span lang="pal" xml:lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭲𐭠𐭪𐭠𐭤𐭩𐭫𐭥 𐭪𐭠𐭫𐭠𐭮𐭠𐭥𐭠 𐭩𐭪𐭨𐭫𐭥𐭭𐭬</span> *パフラヴィー語(マニ文字): <span lang="pal" xml:lang="pal" dir="rtl">‎𐫎𐫀𐫐𐫀𐫑𐫏𐫡𐫇 𐫐𐫀𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫀𐫇𐫀 𐫀𐫇𐫉𐫗𐫏𐫖𐫲</span> *パシュト語: <span lang="ps" xml:lang="ps" dir="rtl">زه به تاکاهیرو کاراساوا ووژنم.&#x061C;</span> *シュグニー語: <span lang="sgh" xml:lang="sgh">В̌узта Таках̌иро Карасав̌а зӣнум.</span> *ワハーン語: <span lang="wbl" xml:lang="wbl">Karasawa Takax̌iro čəx̌əm.</span> *サリコル語: <span lang="srh" xml:lang="srh">A Karasawa Takax̌iro zonam.</span> *オセット語: <span lang="os" xml:lang="os">Такахиро Карасавӕйы мардзынӕн.</span> *ヤグノビ語: <span lang="yai" xml:lang="yai">Такахирой Карасаԝай тухоёмишт.</span> *ソグド語(ソグド文字): <span lang="sog" xml:lang="sog" dir="rtl">𐽂𐼰𐼸𐼰𐼳𐼷𐽀𐼷 𐼸𐼰𐽀𐼰𐼼𐼰𐼴𐼷 𐼾𐽂𐼶𐼴𐼰𐼷𐼺𐼸𐼰𐼻𐽘</span> *ソグド語(マニ文字): <span lang="sog" xml:lang="sog" dir="rtl">𐫎𐫀𐫐𐫀𐫑𐫏𐫡︀𐫏 𐫐𐫀𐫡︀𐫀𐫘𐫀𐫇𐫏 𐫛𐫤𐫑𐫇𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫐𐫀𐫗𐫲</span> *ソグド語(シリア文字): <span lang="sog-Syrn" xml:lang="sog-Syrn" dir="rtl">ܛܐܩܐݎܝܼܪܝܼ ܩܐܪܐܣܐܘܝܼ ܦܛݎܘܐܝܡܩܐܢ܂</span> *バクトリア語: <span lang="xbc" xml:lang="xbc">αβο τακαχιρε καρασαοαι ωζινιμο</span> *ホラズム語: <span lang="xco" xml:lang="xco" dir="rtl">𐿄𐾰𐾻𐾰𐾵𐾺𐿂𐾶 𐾻𐾰𐿂𐾰𐾿𐾰𐾶𐾰 𐾴𐾰𐿂 𐾶𐾸𐾾𐾰𐾽𐾻𐾰𐾽</span> 　'''(アルバニア語派)''' *アルバニア語(ラテン文字): <span lang="sq" xml:lang="sq">Unë do të vras Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *アルバニア語(ビタクチェ文字): <span lang="sq" xml:lang="sq">𐖐𐖬𐖟 𐖜𐖮 𐖵𐖟 𐖸𐖱𐖗𐖳 𐖎𐖗𐖨𐖗𐖣𐖥𐖱𐖮 𐖁𐖗𐖱𐖗𐖳𐖗𐖸𐖗.</span> 　'''(ヘレニック語派)''' *現代ギリシャ語: <span lang="el" xml:lang="el">Θα σκοτώσω τον Τακαχίρο Καρασάβα.</span> *古典ギリシャ語: <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τόν Τακάχιρον Καρασάουαν φονεύσω.</span> *ミケーネ・ギリシャ語: <span lang="gmy" xml:lang="gmy">𐀲𐀏𐀂𐀫𐄀𐀏𐀨𐀭𐀺𐄀𐀲𐀙𐀵𐀰𐄀</span> 　'''(アルメニア語派)''' *東アルメニア語: <span lang="hy" xml:lang="hy">Ես սպանելու եմ Տակահիրո Կարասավային։</span> *西アルメニア語: <span lang="hyw" xml:lang="hyw">Ես Տակահիրո Կարասավան պիտի սպաննեմ։</span> *古典アルメニア語: <span lang="xcl" xml:lang="xcl">ԶՏակախիրոս Կարասավա սպանից։</span> 　'''(アナトリア語派)''' *ヒッタイト語: <span lang="hit" xml:lang="hit">𒁹𒋫𒅗𒄭𒊒𒌦𒅗𒊏𒊭𒉿𒀭𒆪𒂊𒈪</span> *ルウィ語: <span lang="hlu" xml:lang="hlu">𔑯𔗧𔗒𔗑𔐤𔗧𔓊𔗔𔗬𔐤𔓹𔖯𔒴𔗬𔗬</span> *リュディア語: <span lang="xld" xml:lang="xld" dir="rtl">𐤯𐤠𐤨𐤠𐤳𐤦𐤭𐤬𐤫 𐤨𐤠𐤭𐤠𐤮𐤠𐤥𐤠𐤫 𐤲𐤶𐤫𐤰</span> 　'''(その他)''' *印欧祖語: <span lang="ine-pro" xml:lang="ine-pro">takaHirom karasawām gʷʰénmi</span> '''ドラヴィダ語族''' *タミル語: <span lang="ta" xml:lang="ta">கரஸவ தகஹிரொவை கொல்வேன்.</span> *古タミル語: <span lang="oty" xml:lang="oty">𑀓𑀭𑀲𑀯𑀢𑀓𑀳𑀺𑀭𑁴𑀓𑁴𑀮𑁰𑀮𑀼𑀯𑁂𑀷𑁰</span> *マラヤーラム語: <span lang="ml" xml:lang="ml">ഞാൻ തകഹിരൊ കരസവയെ കൊല്ലും.</span> *カンナダ語: <span lang="kn" xml:lang="kn">ತಕಹಿರೊ ಕರಸವನನ್ನು ಕೊಲ್ಲುತ್ತೇನೆ.</span> *テルグ語: <span lang="te" xml:lang="te">తకహిరొ కరసవను చంపుతాను.</span> *ゴーンディー語(テルグ文字): <span lang="wsg" xml:lang="wsg">తకహిరొ కరసవనున్ జవ్క్క.</span> *ゴーンディー語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="wsg" xml:lang="wsg">ताकाहिरॊ कारासावानुन जव्क्‌का।</span> *ゴーンディー語(グンジャラ・ゴーンディー文字): <span lang="wsg" xml:lang="wsg">𑵳𑵱𑶇𑶋𑶈𑶓 𑵱𑶈𑶉𑵭𑵺𑶍𑵺 𑶀𑵭𑶗𑵱𑶗𑵱।</span> *ゴーンディー語(マーサーラーム・ゴーンディー文字): <span lang="wsg" xml:lang="wsg">𑴛𑴌𑴬𑴲𑴦𑴽 𑴌𑴦𑴫𑴨𑴟𑴴𑴟𑵄 𑴓𑴨𑵅𑴌𑵅𑴌।</span> *ブラーフーイー語: <span lang="brh" xml:lang="brh" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیرو کاراساواراے کھسفوٿ.&#x061C;</span> '''アンダマン諸語''' *ジャラワ語: <span lang="anq" xml:lang="anq" style="font-family: Arial, 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">मि ताकाहिरऻ कारासावा टाय्‌क्‌व।</span> '''ウラル語族''' *ハンティ語: <span lang="kca" xml:lang="kca">Такахиро Карасавам луткәԓєм.</span> *マーンシ語: <span lang="mns" xml:lang="mns">Такахиро Карасава алылум тах.</span> *マジャル語(ラテン文字): <span lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">Karaszawa Takahirót megölöm.</span> *マジャル語(ロヴァーシュ文字): <span lang="hu" xml:lang="hu" dir="rtl">‎𐲓𐳀𐳢𐳀𐳥𐳀𐳮‍𐳮𐳀 𐲦𐳀𐳓𐳀𐳏𐳐𐳢𐳜𐳦 𐳘𐳉𐳍𐳞𐳖𐳞𐳘.&rlm;</span> *ウドムルト語: <span lang="udm" xml:lang="udm">Мон Такахиро Карасаваэз вио.</span> *コミ語: <span lang="kv" xml:lang="kv">Ме Такахиро Карасавасӧ виа.</span> *牧地マリ語: <span lang="mhr" xml:lang="mhr">Мый Такахиро Карасавам пуштам.</span> *山地マリ語: <span lang="mrj" xml:lang="mrj">Мӹнь Такахиро Карасавам пуштам.</span> *モクシャ語: <span lang="mdf" xml:lang="mdf">Мон шаван Такахиро Карасавань.</span> *エルジャ語: <span lang="myv" xml:lang="myv">Мон куловтан Такахиро Карасавань.</span> *北部サーミ語: <span lang="se" xml:lang="se">Gottán Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *キルディン・サーミ語: <span lang="sjd" xml:lang="sjd">Коанта Такахиро Карасава.</span> *フィンランド語/カレリア語: <span lang="fi" xml:lang="fi">Tapan Karasawan Takahiron.</span> *エストニア語: <span lang="et" xml:lang="et">Tapan Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ヴォロ語: <span lang="vro" xml:lang="vro">Tapa Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ツンドラネネツ語: <span lang="yrk" xml:lang="yrk">Такахиро Карасавамʼ хадаӈгудмʼ.</span> *森林ネネツ語: <span lang="yrk" xml:lang="yrk">Такахиро Карасава каздаа.</span> *ガナサン語: <span lang="nio" xml:lang="nio">Такахиро Карасавам коз̌уˮсуз̌әм.</span> '''ユカギール語族''' *ツンドラ・ユカギール語: <span lang="ykg" xml:lang="ykg">Такахиро Карасава пуньтэмэҥ.</span> *コリマ・ユカギール語: <span lang="yux" xml:lang="yux">Такахиро Карасава кудэтмэ.</span> '''チュクチ・カムチャツカ語族''' *チュクチ語: <span lang="ckt" xml:lang="ckt">Такахиро Карасава тыранмыӈын.</span> *コリャーク語: <span lang="kpy" xml:lang="kpy">Такахиро Карасавʼа тыянмыӈ.</span> *アリュートル語: <span lang="alr" xml:lang="alr">Такахиро Карасавʼа тытамныӈын.</span> *イテリメン語: <span lang="itl" xml:lang="itl">Такахиро Карасава тԯмэваԯчэн.</span> '''コーカサス諸語''' *ジョージア語: <span lang="ka" xml:lang="ka">ტაკაჰირო კარასავას მოვკლავ.</span> *古ジョージア語: <span lang="oge" xml:lang="oge">ႲႠႩႠႾႨႰႭ჻ႩႠႰႠႱႠႥႠႱ჻ႫႭႥႠႩႳႣႨႬႭ჻</span> *メグレル語: <span lang="xmf" xml:lang="xmf">ტაკაჰირო კარასავას დოპილუნქ.</span> *ラズ語: <span lang="lzz" xml:lang="lzz">Takahiro Karasava dop̌ilare.</span> *スヴァン語: <span lang="sva" xml:lang="sva">ტაკაჰირო კარასაუ̂ას ჩუ ხუ̂ადგა̈რი.</span> *チェチェン語: <span lang="ce" xml:lang="ce">Ас Карасава Такахиро вуьйр ву.</span> *イングーシ語: <span lang="inh" xml:lang="inh">Аз Карасава Такахиро вувргва.</span> *バツ語: <span lang="bbl" xml:lang="bbl">ას ტაკაჰირო კარასავა ვჵევოს.</span> *アヴァル語: <span lang="av" xml:lang="av">Дица Карасава Такахьиро чӏвала.</span> *レズギ語: <span lang="lez" xml:lang="lez">За Карасава Такахьиро рекьида.</span> *アグール語: <span lang="agx" xml:lang="agx">Зун Карасава Такахьиро кӏесе.</span> *タバサラン語: <span lang="tab" xml:lang="tab">Карасава Такахьиро йикӏурза.</span> *ウディ語: <span lang="udi" xml:lang="udi">Karasava Takahirox bespʼoz.</span> *カフカス・アルバニア語: <span lang="xag" xml:lang="xag">𐕣𐔰𐕙𐔰𐕚𐔰𐕡𐔰𐔸𐔰𐕣𐔰𐕀𐔼𐕙𐕒𐕀𐔱𐔼𐕅𐔰𐔵𐕒𐕡:</span> *ルトゥル語: <span lang="rut" xml:lang="rut">За Карасава Такахьиро йикьиси.</span> *ツァフル語: <span lang="tkr" xml:lang="tkr">Зы Карасава Такахьиро гикӏас.</span> *ダルギン語: <span lang="dar" xml:lang="dar">Карасава Такахьиро каршис.</span> *ラク語: <span lang="lbe" xml:lang="lbe">Карасава Такахьиро ивчӏантӏиссара.</span> *ツェズ語: <span lang="ddo" xml:lang="ddo">Ди Карасава Такахиро ехуран.</span> *アブハズ語: <span lang="ab" xml:lang="ab">Карасауа Такахьиро дысшьуеит.</span> *アバザ語: <span lang="abq" xml:lang="abq">Карасауа Такахьиро дысщуаштӏ.</span> *アディゲ語: <span lang="ady" xml:lang="ady">Карасауэ Такахирор сыукӏыщт.</span> *カバルド語: <span lang="kbd" xml:lang="kbd">Карасауэ Такахирор сукӏынущ.</span> *ウビフ語: <span lang="uby" xml:lang="uby" style="font-family: Arial, 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">/karasawa takaxiːroː jɨsɨkʼʷoːt/</span> '''フルリ・ウラルトゥ語族''' *フルリ語: <span lang="xhu" xml:lang="xhu">𒁹𒅗𒊏𒊭𒉿𒋫𒅗𒄭𒊒𒈾𒀀𒉌𒋫𒌑</span> '''アメリカ先住民諸語''' *イヌクティトゥット語: <span lang="iu" xml:lang="iu">ᑕᑲᕼᐃᕈ ᑲᕋᓴᕙ ᑐᖁᓐᓂᐊᖅᐸᕋ.</span> *グリーンランド語: <span lang="kl" xml:lang="kl">Takahiro Karasawa toqussavara.</span> *クリー語: <span lang="cr" xml:lang="cr">ᓂᑭ ᓂᐱᐦᐋᐦ ᑕᑲᐦᐃᕈ ᑲᕋᓴᐗ᙮</span> *オジブウェー語(ラテン文字): <span lang="oj" xml:lang="oj">Niwii-nisaa Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *オジブウェー語(クリー文字): <span lang="oj" xml:lang="oj">ᓂᐧᐆ ᓂᓵ ᑕᑲᐦᐃᕒᐅ ᑲᕒᐊᓴᐧᐊ᙮</span> *ブラックフット語(ラテン文字): <span lang="bla" xml:lang="bla">Nitáaksiʼnitawa Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ブラックフット語(ブラックフット文字): <span lang="bla" xml:lang="bla">ᖹᒣᖽᐧᖹᒣᖷ ᒣᖿᐟᖺ ᖿᖻᓭᖷ᙮</span> *チペワイアン語(ラテン文字): <span lang="chp" xml:lang="chp">Takahhıro Karasawa łeghásthı ha.</span> *チペワイアン語(チペワイアン文字): <span lang="chp" xml:lang="chp">ᕳᑦᑲᑦᐃᑐ ᑦᑲᑕᓴᐊᐧ ᑦᕃᖍᐢᒋ ˈᐊ.</span> *キャリア語(ラテン文字): <span lang="crx" xml:lang="crx">Takakhiro Karasawa tuz̲esghelh.</span> *キャリア語(キャリア文字): <span lang="crx" xml:lang="crx">ᗡᗺᗈrᐃ ᗺrᐊᙓᗕ ᗞᙃᔆᗍᒡ.</span> *[[ンバホ|ナヴァホ]]語: <span lang="nv" xml:lang="nv">Takahiro Karasawa diyeeshxééł.</span> *チェロキー語: <span lang="chr" xml:lang="chr">ᏓᎦᎯᎶ ᎦᎳᏌᏩ ᏓᏥᎵ.</span> *ラコタ語: <span lang="lkt" xml:lang="lkt">Takaȟiro Karasawa wakte kte.</span> *オセージ語: <span lang="osa" xml:lang="osa">𐓈𐓘𐓤𐓘𐓡𐓣𐓧𐓪 𐒼𐓘𐓧𐓘𐓮𐓘𐓷𐓘 𐓲ʼ𐓟 𐓘𐓵𐓟 𐓰𐓛͘ 𐓨𐓣͘𐓤𐓯𐓟.</span> *ケクチ語: <span lang="kek" xml:lang="kek">Tinkamsi Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ナワトル語: <span lang="nci" xml:lang="nci">Nicmictiaz Takahiro Karasahua.</span> *アイマラ語: <span lang="ay" xml:lang="ay">Takajiro Karasaw jiwarpayä.</span> *ケチュア語: <span lang="qu" xml:lang="qu">Takahiro Karasawata wañuchisaq.</span> *グアラニー語: <span lang="gn" xml:lang="gn">Ajukata Takahiro Karasawape.</span> *ニェエンガトゥ語: <span lang="yrl" xml:lang="yrl">Kuri ayuká Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ピダハン語: <span lang="myp" xml:lang="myp">Ti Takahigo Kagasaoa koabáipí.</span> *マプチェ語: <span lang="arn" xml:lang="arn">Ḻangümafiñ Takairo Karasawa.</span> '''ピジン・クレオール諸語''' *トク・ピシン: <span lang="tpi" xml:lang="tpi">Mi bai kilim i dai Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ビスラマ語: <span lang="bi" xml:lang="bi">Bae mi kilim Takahiro Karasawa i ded.</span> *ピジン語: <span lang="pis" xml:lang="pis">Bae mi kilim dae Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ピトケアン・ノーフォーク語: <span lang="pih" xml:lang="pih">I gwenna kill Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ハワイ・クレオール英語: <span lang="hwc" xml:lang="hwc">I goin kill Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *クリオ語/ナイジェリア・ピジン: <span lang="kri" xml:lang="kri">A go kil Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ジャマイカ・クレオール語: <span lang="jam" xml:lang="jam">Mi wi kill Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *スラナン語: <span lang="srn" xml:lang="srn">Mi o kiri Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ガラ語: <span lang="gul" xml:lang="gul">Uh gwine kill Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *洋涇浜英語: <span lang="cpi" xml:lang="cpi">My killum Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ハイチ語: <span lang="ht" xml:lang="ht">M pral touye Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *サンゴ語: <span lang="sg" xml:lang="sg">Fadë mbï fâ Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *セーシェル・クレオール語: <span lang="crs" xml:lang="crs">Mon pou touye Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *モーリシャス・クレオール語: <span lang="mfe" xml:lang="mfe">Mo pu tuy Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *レユニオン・クレオール語: <span lang="rcf" xml:lang="rcf">M’i sar kine Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ルイジアナ・クレオール語: <span lang="lou" xml:lang="lou">Mo va tchwe Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *チャバカノ語: <span lang="cbk" xml:lang="cbk">Di mata yo con Takajiro Karasawa.</span> *カーボヴェルデ・クレオール語: <span lang="kea" xml:lang="kea">N ta mata Tacahiro Caraçaua.</span> *ギニア・ビサウ・クレオール語: <span lang="pov" xml:lang="pov">N ta mata Takachiro Karasava.</span> *フォロ語: <span lang="cri" xml:lang="cri">N ka mata Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *パピアメント語: <span lang="pap" xml:lang="pap">Lo mi mata Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *宜蘭クレオール: <span lang="mis" xml:lang="mis">Karasawa Takahiro kutansuru.</span> *横浜ピジン日本語: <span lang="mis" xml:lang="mis">Watarkshee Karasawa Takahiro shin dan jee sinjoe arimas.</span> *ブタウィ語: <span lang="bew" xml:lang="bew">Gue mampusin siTakahiro Karasawa.</span> *ヒリ・モツ語: <span lang="ho" xml:lang="ho">Takahiro Karasawa dohore lau alaia.</span> *キトゥバ語: <span lang="ktu" xml:lang="ktu">Mu ke fwa Takahilo Kalasawa.</span> *チヌーク混成語(デュプロワエ式速記): <span lang="chn" xml:lang="chn">𛱁𛰆‌𛰅𛱆 𛰚𛱁𛱋‌𛰅𛱁 𛰙𛱁‌𛰙𛱛𛰅 𛰙𛱇𛰙‌𛰆𛱛𛰜 𛰃𛱁‌𛰅𛱁‌𛰀𛱆‌𛰋𛱄 𛰅𛱁‌𛰋𛱁‌𛰜𛱁‌𛱜𛲟</span> *チヌーク混成語(ラテン文字): <span lang="chn" xml:lang="chn">Alki nika mamook memaloose Takahiro Karasawa.</span> '''人工言語''' *エスペラント: <span lang="eo" xml:lang="eo">Mi mortigos Karasawa Takahiro-n.</span> *イド語: <span lang="io" xml:lang="io">Me ocidos Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ノヴィアル: <span lang="nov" xml:lang="nov">Me sal tua Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *ヴォラピュク: <span lang="vo" xml:lang="vo">Odeidob eli Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *インターリングア: <span lang="ia" xml:lang="ia">Io occidera Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *インターリング: <span lang="ie" xml:lang="ie">Yo va mortar Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *リングア・フランカ・ノヴァ: <span lang="lfn" xml:lang="lfn">Me va mata Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *コタヴァ: <span lang="avk" xml:lang="avk">Va Karasawa Takahiro balieté.</span> *ロジバン: <span lang="jbo" xml:lang="jbo">catra la .KarasauaTakahiron.</span> *トキポナ: <span lang="mis" xml:lang="mis">mi moli e jan Takelo Kalasawa.</span> *メデファイドリン: <span lang="dmf" xml:lang="dmf">𖹄 𖹰𖹼𖹫𖹨 𖹠𖹭𖹻𖹹𖹫 𖹈𖹭𖹬𖹭𖹶𖹫𖹼𖹺 𖹌𖹭𖹼𖹭𖹡𖹭𖹣𖹭𖺘</span> *アーヴ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="mis" xml:lang="mis">Karasawa Takahiro agaime</span> |} |style="width: 49%; float: right;"| {| style="width: 100%; overflow-wrap: anywhere;" | '''シナ・チベット語族''' 　'''(漢語派)''' *官話/呉語/贛語/湘語/粤語(簡体字): <span lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">杀死唐泽贵洋。</span> *官話/粤語(繁体字): <span lang="zh-TW" xml:lang="zh-TW">殺死唐澤貴洋。︁</span> *官話(小児経): <span lang="zh" xml:lang="zh" dir="rtl">شَا سِْی تَانْ جَ قُوِ یَانْ.&#x061C;</span> *湘語(女書): <span lang="hsn" xml:lang="hsn" style="direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;">𛇦𛊅𛊤𛉗𛋫𛈿</span> *東干語: <span lang="dng" xml:lang="dng">Лунсы Карасава Такахиро.</span> *客家語(簡体字): <span lang="hak" xml:lang="hak">㓾死唐泽贵洋。</span> *客家語(繁体字): <span lang="hak-TW" xml:lang="hak-TW">㓾死唐澤貴洋。︁</span> *客家語(白話字): <span lang="hak" xml:lang="hak">Chhṳ̀-sí Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *閩南語/閩東語(簡体字): <span lang="nan" xml:lang="nan">刣死唐泽贵洋。</span> *閩南語/閩東語(繁体字): <span lang="nan-TW" xml:lang="nan-TW">刣死唐澤貴洋。︁</span> *閩南語(白話字): <span lang="nan" xml:lang="nan">Thâi-sí Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *閩東語(平話字): <span lang="cdo" xml:lang="cdo">Tài-sī Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *漢文: <span lang="lzh" xml:lang="lzh">將殺󠄀唐󠄁澤貴洋</span> 　'''(チベット・ビルマ語派)''' *チベット語: <span lang="bo" xml:lang="bo">ངས༌ཁ༌ར༌ས༌ཝ༌ཐ༌ཁ༌ཧི༌རོ༌གསོད།</span> *ゾンカ語: <span lang="dz" xml:lang="dz">ང༌གིས༌ཁ༌ར༌ས༌ཝ༌ཐ༌ཁ༌ཧི༌རོ༌ལུ༌བསད༌གེ༌ནོ།</span> *シッキム語: <span lang="sip" xml:lang="sip">ངས༌ཁ༌ར༌ས༌ཝ༌ཐ༌ཁ༌ཧི༌རོ༌ལོ༌བསད༌ཤད༌ཨིན།</span> *バルティ語(ペルシャ文字): <span lang="bft" xml:lang="bft" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">نا سی تاکاہیرو کاراساوا ڑدبتوک.&#x061C;</span> *バルティ語(チベット文字): <span lang="bft" xml:lang="bft">ང༌སི་ཐ༌ཁ༌ཧི༌རོ༌ཁ༌ར༌ས༌ཝ༌རྡབ་ཏུག།</span> *リンブー語: <span lang="lif" xml:lang="lif">ᤀᤠᤱᤃᤠ ᤋᤠᤁᤠᤜᤡᤖᤨ ᤁᤠᤖᤠᤛᤠᤘᤠ ᤛᤧᤖᤢᤱ॥</span> *トト語(トト文字): <span lang="txo" xml:lang="txo">𞊔𞊭 𞊒𞊭𞊔𞊭𞊞𞊡𞊟𞊪 𞊔𞊭𞊟𞊭𞊙𞊭𞊜𞊭𞊞𞊡𞊘 𞊙𞊫𞊟𞊪.</span> *トト語(ベンガル文字): <span lang="txo" xml:lang="txo">কা তাকাহিরো কারাসাওয়াহিং স্যারো।</span> *レプチャ語: <span lang="lep" xml:lang="lep">ᰃᰨ ᰊᰀᰝᰧᰛᰨ ᰀᰛᰠᰢᰌᰨᰮ ᰠᰩᰳᰡᰨ᰻</span> *ネパール・バサ語(デーヴァナーガリー): <span lang="new" xml:lang="new">जिं ताकाहिरो कारासावा स्याए।</span> *ネパール・バサ語(ネワール文字): <span lang="new" xml:lang="new">𑐖𑐶𑑄 𑐟𑐎𑐴𑐶𑐬𑑀 𑐎𑐬𑐳𑐰 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐊𑑋</span> *マニプリ語(メイテイ文字): <span lang="mni" xml:lang="mni">ꯇꯀꯍꯤꯔꯣ ꯀꯔꯁꯋꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯀꯅꯤ꫰</span> *マニプリ語(ベンガル文字): <span lang="mni" xml:lang="mni">তকহিরো করসৱবূ হাৎকনি।</span> *ミゾ語: <span lang="lus" xml:lang="lus">Takahiro Karasava ka that ang.</span> *マラ語: <span lang="mrh" xml:lang="mrh">Ei Takahiro Karasava thih awh.</span> *ティディム・チン語: <span lang="ctd" xml:lang="ctd">𑫎𑫕𑫯‎𑫁𑫕𑫯‎𑫊𑫗𑫯𑫒𑫘𑫯 𑫁𑫕𑫯𑫒𑫕𑫯𑫋𑫕𑫯𑫆𑫕𑫯 𑫏𑫕𑫞𑫴 𑫐𑫗𑫣𑫩</span> *アナル語: <span lang="anm" xml:lang="anm">Takahiro Karasawa to pathọ kaning.</span> *ボド語: <span lang="brx" xml:lang="brx">आं ताकाहिरʼ कारासावाखौ सिथारगोन।</span> *コク・ボロック語: <span lang="trp" xml:lang="trp">আঙ তাকাহিরো কারাসাওয়া বুথারনাই।</span> *ワンチョー語: <span lang="nnp" xml:lang="nnp">𞋔𞋕𞋜 𞋆𞋛 𞋋𞋀𞋔𞋀𞋚𞋜𞋗𞋕 𞋔𞋀𞋗𞋀𞋎𞋀𞋒𞋀 𞋈𞋣𞋯 𞋁𞋜𞋯.</span> *タンサ語(タンサ文字): <span lang="nst" xml:lang="nst">𖪰𖩷𖪠𖩷𖪺𖪃𖪲𖩳 𖪠𖩷𖪲𖩷𖪤𖩷𖪦𖩷 𖪫𖪗 𖪹𖩸𖪰 𖪴𖩷𖪇𖪐.</span> *タンサ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="nst" xml:lang="nst">Takaxiro Karasawa muex thvt shaungx.</span> *西夏語: <span lang="txg" xml:lang="txg">𘊾𘃜𘅄𘎧𘈪𘊾𘍨𗨨𗗙𘗐𗜍𗧓</span> *土家語: <span lang="tji" xml:lang="tji">Ngaf Kalasawa Takahilo buf i hur.</span> *チンポー語: <span lang="kac" xml:lang="kac">Ngai Karasawa Takahiro hpe sat na.</span> *ビルマ語: <span lang="my" xml:lang="my">ငါတာကာဟီရိုကာရာဆာဝါကိုသတ်မယ်။</span> *ムル語: <span lang="mro" xml:lang="mro">𖩆𖩁 𖩋𖩆𖩎𖩀𖩑 𖩀𖩆𖩌𖩆𖩉𖩊𖩓𖩝 𖩌𖩆𖩓𖩆𖩔𖩆𖩗𖩆𖩯</span> *涼山彝語: <span lang="ii" xml:lang="ii">ꉢꇤꇁꌒꃬꄉꇤꉮꇅꌉꂯ。</span> *リス語: <span lang="lis" xml:lang="lis">ꓥꓪꓻ ꓗ-ꓡ-ꓢ-ꓪ ꓔ-ꓗ-ꓧꓲ-ꓡꓳ ꓔꓯꓸ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓡꓳꓺ꓿</span> *ハニ語: <span lang="hni" xml:lang="hni">Ngal Karasawa Takahiro yaol seivq movq.</span> *ラフ語: <span lang="lhu" xml:lang="lhu">Ngal Karasawa Takahiro thar tid tul.</span> *ナシ語: <span lang="nxq" xml:lang="nxq">Nge nee Karasawa Takahiro siul bbeq.</span> *スゴー・カレン語: <span lang="ksw" xml:lang="ksw">ယကမၤသံတါကါဟံရီကါရါစါဝါလီၤ။</span> *ポー・カレン語: <span lang="kjp" xml:lang="kjp">ယ်ုမ်ုမာသီ့တာကာဟီရ်ှကာရာသာဝါ။</span> *カレンニー語: <span lang="kyu" xml:lang="kyu">ꤠꤢ꤭ ꤊꤟꤢꤦ ꤗꤟꤢꤩ꤬ꤞꤛꤢꤩ꤭ ꤒꤢꤊꤢꤟꤤꤚꤢꤪ ꤊꤢꤚꤢꤎꤢꤝꤢ꤯</span> *白語(ラテン文字): <span lang="bfs" xml:lang="bfs">Ngaot xa Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *白語(僰文): <span lang="bfs" xml:lang="bfs">我相唐󠄁澤貴洋。</span> '''韓国語族 (朝鮮語族)''' *韓国語(ハングル専用): <span lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">카라사와 타카히로를 죽이겠다.</span> *韓国語(国漢文混用): <span lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">唐澤貴洋을 죽이겠다.</span> *済州語: <span lang="jje" xml:lang="jje">카라사와 타카히로를 죽이켜.</span> *中期朝鮮語: <span lang="oko" xml:lang="oko">唐_따ᇰ澤_ᄄᆡᆨ〮貴_귕〮洋_야ᇰᄋᆞᆯ〮주규〮리라〮</span> *新羅語: <span lang="oko" xml:lang="oko">唐󠄁澤貴洋乙殺󠄀其古如</span> '''オーストロアジア語族''' *越南語(国語): <span lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">Tôi giết Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *越南語(漢喃): <span lang="vi-Hani" xml:lang="vi-Hani">碎𤄌唐澤貴洋。</span> *クメール語: <span lang="km" xml:lang="km">សម្លាប់តាកាហ៊ីរ៉ោការ៉ាសាវ៉ា។</span> *ワ語: <span lang="prk" xml:lang="prk">Ex dāg bāeh Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *パラウン語: <span lang="rbb" xml:lang="rbb">အောဒီပျံမ်တာကာဟီရိုကာရာဆာဝါ။</span> *モン語: <span lang="mnw" xml:lang="mnw">အဲဂစိုတ်ရောင်တာကာဟဳရဝ်ကာရာသာဝါ။</span> *カール・ニコバル語: <span lang="caq" xml:lang="caq">Fëlngen Takahirò Karasava chin min nö.</span> *サンタル語: <span lang="sat" xml:lang="sat">ᱛᱟᱠᱟᱦᱤᱨᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱡᱟᱧ᱾</span> *ホー語: <span lang="hoc" xml:lang="hoc">𑢵𑣁𑣌𑣁𑣙𑣂𑣜𑣉 𑢬𑣁𑣜𑣁𑣞𑣁𑣙𑣗𑣁𑣍 𑣋𑣉𑣈𑣄𑣂𑣅𑣈.</span> *ソーラ語: <span lang="srb" xml:lang="srb">𑃑𑃢𑃟𑃢𑃞𑃤𑃝𑃦 𑃟𑃢𑃝𑃢𑃐𑃢𑃚𑃢 𑃢𑃔𑃦𑃦𑃗 𑃟𑃢𑃒𑃠𑃣𑃔𑃑𑃧.</span> '''タイ・カダイ語族''' *タイ語: <span lang="th" xml:lang="th">เราจะฆ่าทากาฮิโระคาราซาวะ</span> *北タイ語: <span lang="nod" xml:lang="nod">ᨠᩪᨧᩡᨢ᩶ᩣᨴᩣᨠᩣᩌᩥᩁᩰᩡᨠᩣᩁᩣᨪᩣᩅᩡ</span> *タイ・ダム語: <span lang="blt" xml:lang="blt">ꪄ꫁ꪮꪥ ꪊꪲ ꪄ꫁ꪱ ꪔꪰꪀꪰꪬꪲꪶꪦ ꪀꪰꪦꪰꪎꪰꪪꪰ.</span> *ラーオ語: <span lang="lo" xml:lang="lo">ຂ້າຈະຂ້າຕາກາຮິໂຣະກາຣາຊາວະ.</span> *シャン語: <span lang="shn" xml:lang="shn">ၵဝ်တၵ်းၶႃႈတႃၵႃႁီရူဝ်ၵႃရႃသႃဝႃ။</span> *タイ・ルー語: <span lang="khb" xml:lang="khb">ᦃᦱᧉ ᦈᧅ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦎᦂᦃᦲᦜᦸ ᦂᦜᦉᦛ.</span> *タイ・ヌア語: <span lang="tdd" xml:lang="tdd">ᥐᥝ ᥖᥤᥴ ᥑᥣᥲ ᥖᥐᥑᥤᥘᥩ ᥐᥘᥔᥝ.</span> *アーホム語: <span lang="aho" xml:lang="aho">𑜀𑜈𑜫 𑜄𑜀𑜫 𑜁𑜠 𑜄𑜣 𑜄𑜀𑜑𑜢𑜍𑜦𑜡 𑜀𑜍𑜏𑜈𑜠𑜼</span> *壮語(ラテン文字): <span lang="za" xml:lang="za">Gou gaj Galasava Dagahilo.</span> *壮語(方塊壮字): <span lang="za" xml:lang="za">𭆸𭪍唐󠄁澤貴洋。</span> *布依語(ラテン文字): <span lang="pcc" xml:lang="pcc">Gac daail Galasava Dagahilo.</span> *布依語(方塊布依字): <span lang="pcc" xml:lang="pcc">⿰𣏂長殆唐󠄁澤貴洋。</span> *タイー語(ラテン文字): <span lang="tyz" xml:lang="tyz">Khỏi cỏi khả Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *タイー語(岱喃): <span lang="tyz" xml:lang="tyz">圤囬可唐󠄁澤貴洋</span> *侗語(ラテン文字): <span lang="kmc" xml:lang="kmc">Yaoc sat Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *侗語(方塊侗字): <span lang="kmc" xml:lang="kmc">堯殺󠄀唐󠄁澤貴洋。</span> *水語: <span lang="swi" xml:lang="swi">Yuz aol hac Kalasawa Takahilo.</span> *黎語: <span lang="lic" xml:lang="lic">Hou kweis mieks Karasawa Takahiro.</span> '''苗瑶語族''' *白苗語(ラテン文字): <span lang="mww" xml:lang="mww">Kuv yuav tua Kalaxaua Takaxyilo.</span> *白苗語(パハウ・フモン文字): <span lang="mww" xml:lang="mww">𖬆𖬲 𖬐𖬲𖬤 𖬑𖬡 𖬗𖬰 𖬗𖬰𖬞 𖬗𖬰𖬮 𖬑𖬮𖬰 𖬗𖬰𖬡 𖬗𖬰 𖬃𖬧𖬰 𖬓𖬰𖬞.</span> *白苗語(ニアケン・プアチェ・フモン文字): <span lang="mww" xml:lang="mww">𞄎𞄧𞄳𞄘𞄧𞄳𞄤𞄃𞄧𞄤𞄎𞄤𞄉𞄤𞄆𞄤𞄧𞄤𞄃𞄤𞄎𞄤𞄛𞄦𞄉𞄨.</span> *大花苗語: <span lang="hmd" xml:lang="hmd">𖼞𖽪𖾑 𖼽𖽔𖾑 𖼐𖽑𖽙𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽔𖾐 𖼖𖽔𖾐 𖼺𖽔𖾐 𖽂𖽔𖾐 𖼊𖽑𖽔𖾐 𖼞𖽑𖽔𖾐 𖼨𖽑𖽡𖾐 𖼖𖽙𖾐.</span> *ミエン語: <span lang="ium" xml:lang="ium">Yie oix daix Karasawa Takahiro.</span> '''オーストロネシア語族''' *タイヤル語: <span lang="tay" xml:lang="tay">Musaʼ kutan Karasawa Takahiro kuʼ.</span> *アミ語: <span lang="ami" xml:lang="ami">Amipatay kako ci Karasawa Takahiroan.</span> *ブヌン語: <span lang="bnn" xml:lang="bnn">Namapatazun zaku Kalasava Takahilu.</span> *タガログ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="tl" xml:lang="tl">Papatayin ko si Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *タガログ語(バイバイン): <span lang="tl" xml:lang="tl">ᜉᜉᜆᜌᜒᜈ᜔ ᜃᜓᜓ ᜐᜒ ᜆᜃᜑᜒᜇᜓ ᜃᜇᜐᜏ᜶</span> *セブアノ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="ceb" xml:lang="ceb">Patyon ko si Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *セブアノ語(バイバイン): <span lang="ceb" xml:lang="ceb">ᜉᜆ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ ᜃᜓᜓ ᜐᜒ ᜆᜃᜑᜒᜇᜓ ᜃᜇᜐᜏ᜶</span> *タウスグ語: <span lang="tsg" xml:lang="tsg">Bunuun ku hi Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ハヌノオ語: <span lang="hnn" xml:lang="hnn">ᜫᜬᜳᜨᜲᜣᜳᜰᜲᜦᜣᜱᜲᜭᜳᜣᜭᜰᜯ᜶</span> *ブヒッド語: <span lang="bku" xml:lang="bku">ᝀᝑᝓᝉᝑᝆᝁᝆᝃᝑᝒᝍᝓᝃᝍᝐᝏ᜶</span> *中央タグバヌワ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="tgt" xml:lang="tgt">Ipatay ko ti Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *中央タグバヌワ語(タグバヌワ文字): <span lang="tgt" xml:lang="tgt">ᝡᝩᝦ ᝣᝳ ᝦᝲ ᝦᝣᝡᝮᝳ ᝣᝮᝰᝯ᜶</span> *マギンダナオ語: <span lang="mdh" xml:lang="mdh">Imatayan ku si Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *マラナオ語: <span lang="mrw" xml:lang="mrw">Mbonoon aken si Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *マラガシ語: <span lang="mg" xml:lang="mg">Hamono i Takahiro Karasawa aho.</span> *マレー語(ラテン文字)/インドネシア語: <span lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">Aku akan membunuh Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *マレー語(ジャウィ文字): <span lang="ms" xml:lang="ms" dir="rtl">اکو اکن ممبونوه کاراساوا تاکاهيرو.&#x061C;</span> *ジャワ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="jv" xml:lang="jv">Aku arep mateni Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ジャワ語(ジャワ文字): <span lang="jv" xml:lang="jv">꧄ꦄꦏꦸꦄꦫꦼꦥꦩꦠꦼꦤꦶꦠꦏꦲꦶꦫꦺꦴꦏꦫꦱꦮ꧉</span> *スンダ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="su" xml:lang="su">Abdi bakal maéhan Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *スンダ語(スンダ文字): <span lang="su" xml:lang="su">ᮃᮘ᮪ᮓᮤ ᮘᮊᮜ᮪ ᮙᮆᮠᮔ᮪ ᮒᮊᮠᮤᮛᮧ ᮊᮛᮞᮝ.</span> *ルジャン語(ラテン文字): <span lang="rej" xml:lang="rej">Takahiro Karasawa nunuak ku.</span> *ルジャン語(ルジャン文字): <span lang="rej" xml:lang="rej">꥟ꤳꤰꥁꥇꤽꥋ ꤰꤽꤼꥀ ꤵꥈꤵꥈꥒ ꤰꥈ॥</span> *アチェ語: <span lang="ace" xml:lang="ace">Ka lôn poh maté Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *チャム語: <span lang="cja" xml:lang="cja">ꨆꨮꨭ ꨧꨫ ꨛꨩꨟꨓꨰ ꨓꨆꨨꨪꨣꨯ ꨆꨣꨧꨥ꩝</span> *バリ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="ban" xml:lang="ban">Lakar ngematiang Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *バリ語(バリ文字): <span lang="ban" xml:lang="ban">᭛ᬮᬓᬃᬗᭂᬫᬢᬶᬅᬂᬢᬓᬳᬶᬭᭀᬓᬭᬲᬯ᭟</span> *バタク・トバ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="bbc" xml:lang="bbc">Hubunu si Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *バタク・トバ語(バタク文字): <span lang="bbc" xml:lang="bbc">ᯂᯮᯅᯮᯉᯮᯘᯪᯖᯂᯂᯪᯒᯬᯂᯒᯘᯍ</span> *ブギス語(ロンタラ文字): <span lang="bug" xml:lang="bug">ᨆᨕᨙᨒᨚᨀ ᨇᨘᨊᨚᨓᨗ ᨈᨀᨖᨗᨑᨚ ᨀᨑᨔᨓ᨞</span> *ブギス語(ラテン文字): <span lang="bug" xml:lang="bug">Maéloʼkaʼ mpunoi Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *マカッサル語(ロンタラ文字): <span lang="mak" xml:lang="mak">ᨒᨀᨘᨅᨘᨊᨚᨓᨗ ᨕᨗᨈᨀᨖᨗᨑᨚ ᨀᨑᨔᨓ᨞</span> *マカッサル語(ラテン文字): <span lang="mak" xml:lang="mak">Lakubunoi iTakahiro Karasawa.</span> *マカッサル語(マカッサル文字): <span lang="mak" xml:lang="mak">𑻮𑻠𑻴𑻤𑻴𑻨𑻶𑻯𑻳 𑻱𑻳𑻦𑻠𑻱𑻳𑻭𑻶 𑻠𑻭𑻰𑻯𑻷</span> *チアチア語(ラテン文字): <span lang="cia" xml:lang="cia">Indaʼu amongko Karasava Takahiro.</span> *チアチア語(ハングル): <span lang="cia" xml:lang="cia">인다우 아몽꼬 까라사ᄫᅡ 따까히로.</span> *パラオ語: <span lang="pau" xml:lang="pau">Ak mo omekoad a Karasawa Takahiro.</span> *チャモロ語: <span lang="ch" xml:lang="ch">Bai hu punoʼ si Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *テトゥン語: <span lang="tet" xml:lang="tet">Haʼu sei oho Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *エロマンガ語: <span lang="erg" xml:lang="erg">Yocontai Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ナウル語: <span lang="na" xml:lang="na">A nan abab Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ギルバート語: <span lang="gil" xml:lang="gil">N na kamatea Takairo Karatawa.</span> *マーシャル語: <span lang="mh" xml:lang="mh">Itōn m̧an Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *カロリン語: <span lang="cal" xml:lang="cal">Ibwe liiló Takatchiró Karasawa.</span> *ウォレアイ語: <span lang="woe" xml:lang="woe">I be liiy Takagiro Karasawa.</span> *ポンペイ語: <span lang="pon" xml:lang="pon">I pahn kemehla Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *フィジー語: <span lang="fj" xml:lang="fj">Au na vakamatei Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *トンガ語: <span lang="to" xml:lang="to">Te u tāmateʻi ʻa Takahilo Kalasaua.</span> *ニウエー語: <span lang="niu" xml:lang="niu">To tāmate e au a Takahilo Kalasava.</span> *サモア語: <span lang="sm" xml:lang="sm">ʻOleʻā ʻou fasioti ia Takahiro Karasaua.</span> *ツヴァル語: <span lang="tvl" xml:lang="tvl">Ka tamate a Takahilo Kalasaua ne au.</span> *ハワイ語: <span lang="haw" xml:lang="haw">E hoʻomake au iā Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *タヒチ語: <span lang="ty" xml:lang="ty">ʻE haʻapohe au ʻia Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *マーオリ語: <span lang="mi" xml:lang="mi">Ka patua e au i a Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *クック諸島マーオリ語: <span lang="rar" xml:lang="rar">Ka tāmate au i ʻa Takahiro Karasava.</span> *ラパ・ヌイ語: <span lang="rap" xml:lang="rap">E tiŋaʼi rō e au i a Takahiro Karasava.</span> '''テュルク語族''' *トルコ語: <span lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">Takahiro Karasawa’yı öldüreceğim.</span> *北アーゼルバーイジャーン語(ラテン文字): <span lang="az" xml:lang="az">Takahiro Karasavanı öldürəcəyəm.</span> *北アーゼルバーイジャーン語(キリル文字): <span lang="az" xml:lang="az">Такахиро Карасаваны өлдүрәҹәјәм.</span> *南アーゼルバーイジャーン語: <span lang="azb" xml:lang="azb" dir="rtl">تاکاهیروْ کاراساوانی اؤلدۆرەجگم.&#x061C;</span> *ガガウズ語: <span lang="gag" xml:lang="gag">Takahiro Karasawa’yı öldürecäm.</span> *オスマーン語: <span lang="ota" xml:lang="ota" dir="rtl">طاقاخیرو قاراصاوایی اولدرەجكم.&#x061C;</span> *トルクメン語: <span lang="tk" xml:lang="tk">Takahiro Karasawany öldürjek.</span> *サラール語: <span lang="slr" xml:lang="slr">Karasava Takahironı öldürğür.</span> *カザフ語(キリル文字): <span lang="kk" xml:lang="kk">Такахиро Карасаваны өлтіремін.</span> *カザフ語(ペルシャ文字): <span lang="kk" xml:lang="kk" dir="rtl">تاكاحىرو كاراساۋانى ولتىرەمىن.&#x061C;</span> *カラカルパク語: <span lang="kaa" xml:lang="kaa">Takaxiro Karasabanı óldiremen.</span> *ノガイ語: <span lang="nog" xml:lang="nog">Такахиро Карасавады оьлтиремен.</span> *キルギス語(キリル文字): <span lang="ky" xml:lang="ky">Такахиро Карасаваны өлтүрөмүн.</span> *キルギス語(ペルシャ文字): <span lang="ky" xml:lang="ky" dir="rtl">تاكاحىرو كاراساۋانى ۅلتۉرۅمۉن.&#x061C;</span> *バシュキール語: <span lang="ba" xml:lang="ba">Такахиро Карасаваны үлтерәсәкмен.</span> *タタール語: <span lang="tt" xml:lang="tt">Такахиро Карасаваны үтерәчәкмен.</span> *カラチャイ・バルカル語: <span lang="krc" xml:lang="krc">Такахиро Карасаваны ёлтюрлюкме.</span> *クムク語: <span lang="kum" xml:lang="kum">Такахиро Карасаваны оьлтюрежекмен.</span> *カライム語: <span lang="kdr" xml:lang="kdr">Takachiro Karasavany ölʼdirirm.</span> *クリムチャク語: <span lang="jct" xml:lang="jct">Такахиро Карасаваны ӧльдыречъем.</span> *クリミア・タタール語: <span lang="crh" xml:lang="crh">Takahiro Karasavanı öldürecegim.</span> *クマン語: <span lang="qwm" xml:lang="qwm">Takahıro karaſavanȷ øltvrgaymẽ</span> *北ウズベク語: <span lang="uz" xml:lang="uz">Takahiro Karasavani oʻldiraman.</span> *南ウズベク語: <span lang="uzs" xml:lang="uzs" dir="rtl">تاکاهیرۉ کاراساوانی اۉلدیره من.&#x061C;</span> *ウイグル語: <span lang="ug" xml:lang="ug" dir="rtl">تاكاھىرو كاراساۋانى ئۆلتۈرىمەن.&#x061C;</span> *エイヌ語: <span lang="aib" xml:lang="aib" dir="rtl">تاكاھىرو كاراساۋانى كۇشتلايمەن.&#x061C;</span> *チャガタイ語: <span lang="chg" xml:lang="chg" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'IranNastaliq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاخیرو کاراساوانی اولتورامن</span> *カラーハーン朝トルコ語: <span lang="xqa" xml:lang="xqa" dir="rtl">تاقاخیرو قاراساڤانیٖ اُلْدُرْكایْ مَنْ</span> *トゥヴァ語: <span lang="tyv" xml:lang="tyv">Такахиро Карасаваны өлүрер мен.</span> *ハカス語: <span lang="kjh" xml:lang="kjh">Такахиро Карасаваны ӧдірербін.</span> *西部ユグル語: <span lang="ybe" xml:lang="ybe" style="font-family: Arial, 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">/kɑrɑsɑˈwɑ tɑkɑxirɔˈnɯ jylɯˈrɯʂ/</span> *ショル語: <span lang="cjs" xml:lang="cjs">Такахиро Карасаваны ӧдӱрерим.</span> *チュリム語: <span lang="clw" xml:lang="clw">Такахиро Карасаваны ёлюрюкюм.</span> *アルタイ語: <span lang="alt" xml:lang="alt">Такахиро Карасаваны ӧлтӱрерим.</span> *サハ語: <span lang="sah" xml:lang="sah">Такахиро Карасаваны өлөрүөҕүм.</span> *突厥語: <span lang="otk" xml:lang="otk" dir="rtl">𐱃𐰀𐰴𐰀𐰃𐰺𐰆⁚𐰴𐰀𐰺𐰀𐰽𐰀𐰆𐰀𐰍⁚𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰲𐰃⁚𐰢𐰤⁚&rlm;</span> *回鶻語(回鶻文字): <span lang="oui" xml:lang="oui" dir="rtl" style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: sideways; text-align: right; transform: rotateZ(180deg);">𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽰<br>𐾀𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽲𐾂𐽶𐽾𐽳 𐽺𐽶<br>𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁‌𐽳𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽶 𐽹𐽺𐾈‎‎‎</span> *回鶻語(マニ文字): <span lang="oui" xml:lang="oui" dir="rtl">𐫠𐫀𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫀𐫂𐫀 𐫎𐫀𐫠𐫀𐫑𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫏 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫓𐫇𐫡𐫐𐫀𐫏 𐫖𐫗𐫲‎‎‎</span> *ハラジ語: <span lang="klj" xml:lang="klj" dir="rtl">تاقاهیروْ قاراساوان هلئرگم.&#x061C;</span> *チュヴァシ語: <span lang="cv" xml:lang="cv">Такахиро Карасавана вӗлерӗп.</span> '''モンゴル語族及び側モンゴル諸語''' *モンゴル語(モンゴル文字): <span lang="mn" xml:lang="mn" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways;">ᠺᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᠸᠠ<br>ᠲᠠᠺᠠᠬᠢᠷᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢ<br>ᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃</span> *モンゴル語(キリル文字): <span lang="mn" xml:lang="mn">Карасава Такахирыг ална.</span> *近世モンゴル語: <span lang="xng" xml:lang="xng">𑪞𑩝𑩼𑪁𑩾 𑩬𑩝𑪂𑩑𑩼𑩖𑩗𑩜𑩑 𑩐𑩽𑩴𑩓𑩛𑪛</span> *ブリヤート語: <span lang="bua" xml:lang="bua">Карасава Такахирые алахаб.</span> *カルムイク語: <span lang="xal" xml:lang="xal">Карасава Такахирыг алхв.</span> *オイラト文語: <span lang="xwo" xml:lang="xwo" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways;">ᡘᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᡖᠠ<br>ᡐᠠᡘᠠᡍᡅᠷᡆ ᡕᡅ<br>ᠠᠯᠠᡏᡇᡅ᠃</span> *ダウール語: <span lang="dta" xml:lang="dta">Karasawa Takahiroi alwei.</span> *東郷語: <span lang="sce" xml:lang="sce">Karasawa Takahironi alane.</span> *モングォル語: <span lang="mjg" xml:lang="mjg">Karasawa Takahironi alam.</span> *保安語: <span lang="peh" xml:lang="peh" style="font-family: Arial, 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">/kɑrɑsɑˈwɑ tɑkɑχirɵˈnə ɑlɑˈgi/</span> *東部ユグル語: <span lang="yuy" xml:lang="yuy" style="font-family: Arial, 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">/kɑrɑsɑˈβɑ tɑkɑχiˈriːn ɑlɑˈni/</span> *モゴール語: <span lang="mhj" xml:lang="mhj" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'IranNastaliq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاقاخیرو قاراساوی آلامبے.&#x061C;</span> *中世モンゴル語: <span lang="xng" xml:lang="xng" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways;">ꡢ ꡘ ꡛ ꡓ<br>ꡉ ꡢ ꡜꡞ ꡘꡡ<br>ꡗꡞ ꡝ ꡙ ꡏꡟ</span> *契丹語: <span lang="zkt" xml:lang="zkt">𘲲𘲑𘯢𘲼𘯺 𘰺𘲲𘲲𘰣𘯶𘳇 𘬛𘲀𘲆𘲳</span> '''ツングース語族''' *エヴェンキ語: <span lang="evn" xml:lang="evn">Такахиро Карасавава вадяӈав.</span> *満洲語/シベ語: <span lang="mnc" xml:lang="mnc" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: sideways;">ᡴᠠᡵᠠᠰᠠᠸᠠ<br>ᡨᠠᡴᠠᡥᡳᡵᠣ<br>ᠪᡝ ᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉</span> *ナーナイ語: <span lang="gld" xml:lang="gld">Такахиро Карасавава вадямби.</span> *ウイルタ語: <span lang="oaa" xml:lang="oaa">Карасава Такахирро̄ ва̄рилами.</span> '''アフロ・アジア語族''' 　'''(セム語派)''' *正則アラビア語: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar" dir="rtl">أقتل تاكاهيرو كاراساوا.&#x061C;</span> *アラビア語エジプト方言: <span lang="arz" xml:lang="arz" dir="rtl">حاقتل تاكاهیرو كاراساوا.&#x061C;</span> *アラビア語シリア方言: <span lang="apc" xml:lang="apc" dir="rtl">رح إقتل تاكاهيرو كاراساوا.&#x061C;</span> *アラビア語アルジェリア方言: <span lang="arq" xml:lang="arq" dir="rtl">نقتل تاكاهيرو كاراساوا.&#x061C;</span> *マルタ語: <span lang="mt" xml:lang="mt">Se noqtol lil Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ヘブライ語: <span lang="he" xml:lang="he" dir="rtl">אהרוג את טאקאהירו קאראסאווה.&rlm;</span> *聖書ヘブライ語: <span lang="hbo" xml:lang="hbo" dir="rtl">אֶהֱרֹג אֵת טַקַהִירֹה קַרַסַוָה׃</span> *サマリア語: <span lang="smp" xml:lang="smp" dir="rtl">ࠀࠒࠈࠋ࠰ࠉࠕ࠰ࠕࠊࠄࠉࠓࠄ࠰ࠊࠓࠎࠅࠄ࠽</span> *フェニキア語: <span lang="phn" xml:lang="phn" dir="rtl">𐤀𐤒𐤈𐤋𐤀𐤉𐤕𐤕𐤊𐤄𐤓𐤊𐤓𐤎𐤅‎</span> *現代西アラム語: <span lang="amw" xml:lang="amw" dir="rtl">נקוטל-ל-תּאכּאהירו כּאראסאוא.&rlm;</span> *パレスチナ・ユダヤ教徒アラム語: <span lang="jpa" xml:lang="jpa" dir="rtl">נקטול לטקהירו קרסווא</span> *アッシリア現代アラム語: <span lang="aii-Syrn" xml:lang="aii-Syrn" dir="rtl">ܛܲܐܩܲܐܗܝܼܪܘܿ ܩܲܐܪܲܐܣܲܐܘܲܐ ܒܸܬ ܩܲܛܠܸܢ܂</span> *トゥロヨ語: <span lang="tru-Syrj" xml:lang="tru-Syrj" dir="rtl">ܓܩܳܛܰܠ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܠܽܗ̄ܘ ܛܰܐܩܰܐܗܺܝܪܳܐ ܩܰܐܪܰܐܣܰܐܘܰܐ܂</span> *シリア語: <span lang="syc-Syrj" xml:lang="syc-Syrj" dir="rtl">ܐܶܩܛܘܽܠ ܠܶܗ ܠܛܰܐܩܰܐܗܺܝܪܘܽ ܩܰܐܪܰܐܣܰܐܘܰܐ܂</span> *バビロニア・ユダヤ教徒アラム語: <span lang="tmr" xml:lang="tmr" dir="rtl">איקטוליה לטאקאהירו קאראסאווא</span> *マンダ語: <span lang="mid" xml:lang="mid" dir="rtl">ࡏࡂࡈࡅࡋ ࡋࡕࡀ࡚ࡊࡀ࡚ࡄࡉࡓࡅ࡚ ࡊࡀ࡚ࡓࡀ࡚ࡎࡀ࡚ࡅࡀ࡚࡞</span> *聖書アラム語: <span lang="arc" xml:lang="arc" dir="rtl">אֶקְטֻל לְטַקַהִירֹה קַרַסַוָה׃‎‎</span> *帝国アラム語: <span lang="arc" xml:lang="arc" dir="rtl">𐡀𐡒𐡈𐡋 𐡋𐡈𐡒𐡄𐡉𐡓𐡄 𐡒𐡓𐡎𐡅𐡄‎‎</span> *ウガリト語: <span lang="uga" xml:lang="uga">𐎀𐎅𐎗𐎂𐎟𐎋𐎗𐎒𐎆𐎟𐎚𐎋𐎃𐎗𐎟</span> *アムハラ語: <span lang="am" xml:lang="am">ታካሂሮ ካራሳዋን እገድላለሁ።</span> *ティグリニャ語: <span lang="ti" xml:lang="ti">ታካሂሮ ካራሳዋ ክቀትል እየ።</span> *ゲエズ語: <span lang="gez" xml:lang="gez">እቀትል፡ታካሂሮ፡ካራሳዋሃ።</span> *サバ語: <span lang="xsa" xml:lang="xsa">𐩱𐩠𐩧𐩴𐩽𐩩𐩫𐩭𐩧𐩽𐩫𐩧𐩪𐩥𐩽</span> *アッカド語: <span lang="akk" xml:lang="akk">𒁹𒋫𒅗𒄭𒊒𒌝𒅗𒊏𒊓𒌋𒌝𒀀𒁕𒀀𒀝</span> 　'''(エジプト語派)''' *中エジプト語: <span lang="egy" xml:lang="egy" style="transform:rotateY(180deg); display:inline-block;">𓄡𓐰𓂧𓃀𓐱𓀜𓀀𓎡𓐰𓂋𓋴𓐱𓅱𓏏𓐰𓎡𓄡𓐰𓂋𓀀</span> *コプト語: <span lang="cop" xml:lang="cop">ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲟ ⲕⲁⲣⲁⲥⲁⲟⲩⲁ⳾</span> 　'''(クシ語派)''' *ソマリ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="so" xml:lang="so">Waan dili doonaa Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ソマリ語(ワダード記法): <span lang="so" xml:lang="so" dir="rtl">وانْ دِلِ دونا تَكَهِرو كَرَسَوَ.&#x061C;</span> *ソマリ語(オスマニヤ文字): <span lang="so" xml:lang="so">𐒓𐒛𐒒 𐒆𐒘𐒐𐒘 𐒆𐒝𐒒𐒛 𐒂𐒖𐒏𐒖𐒔𐒘𐒇𐒙 𐒏𐒖𐒇𐒖𐒈𐒖𐒓𐒖.</span> *オロモ語: <span lang="om" xml:lang="om">Takahiro Karasawan ajjeesa.</span> *アファル語: <span lang="aa" xml:lang="aa">Takahiro Karasawa aggife.</span> 　'''(オモ語派)''' *ゴファ語: <span lang="gof" xml:lang="gof">ታ ታካሂሮ ካራሳዋ ዎꬋና።</span> 　'''(ベルベル語派)''' *トゥアレグ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="tmh" xml:lang="tmh">Ad ăŋɣăɣ Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *トゥアレグ語(ティフィナグ文字): <span lang="tmh" xml:lang="tmh">ⴰⴷ ⴰⵑⵖⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓ ⴽⴰⵔⴰⵙⴰⵡⴰ⵰</span> *トゥアレグ語(アラビア文字): <span lang="tmh" xml:lang="tmh" dir="rtl">اَدْ اَنْغَغْ تَاکَاھِيرُو کَارَاسَاوَا.&#x061C;‎‎‎</span> 　'''(チャド語派)''' *ハウサ語: <span lang="ha" xml:lang="ha">Zan kashe Takahiro Karasawa.</span> '''ニジェール・コンゴ語族''' *スワヒリ語: <span lang="sw" xml:lang="sw">Nitamuua Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *コモロ語: <span lang="zdj" xml:lang="zdj">Ngamdjosonga Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *キクユ語: <span lang="ki" xml:lang="ki">Nĩngũũraga Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ルワンダ語: <span lang="rw" xml:lang="rw">Nzica Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ルンディ語: <span lang="rn" xml:lang="rn">Nzokwica Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ガンダ語: <span lang="lg" xml:lang="lg">Nditta Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *北ンデベレ語: <span lang="nd" xml:lang="nd">Ngizabulala uTakahiro Karasawa.</span> *ズールー語/南ンデベレ語: <span lang="zu" xml:lang="zu">Ngiyobulala uTakahiro Karasawa.</span> *コサ語: <span lang="xh" xml:lang="xh">Ndiza kumbulala uTakahiro Karasawa.</span> *スワジ語: <span lang="ss" xml:lang="ss">Ngitobulala Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *北ソト語: <span lang="nso" xml:lang="nso">Ke tlo bolaya Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ソト語: <span lang="st" xml:lang="st">Ke tla bolaea Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ツワナ語: <span lang="tn" xml:lang="tn">Ke tla bolaya Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ツォンガ語: <span lang="ts" xml:lang="ts">Ndzi ta dlaya Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ヴェンダ語: <span lang="ve" xml:lang="ve">Ndi ḓo vhulaya Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ショナ語/ンダウ語: <span lang="sn" xml:lang="sn">Ndichauraya Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *カランガ語/ナンビャ語: <span lang="kck" xml:lang="kck">Ndichabulaya Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *チェワ語: <span lang="ny" xml:lang="ny">Ndipha Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *セナ語: <span lang="seh" xml:lang="seh">Ndinapha Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *トンガ語: <span lang="toi" xml:lang="toi">Ndiyoojaya Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *リンガラ語: <span lang="ln" xml:lang="ln">Nakoboma Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ルバ語: <span lang="lua" xml:lang="lua">Nenshipe Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *コンゴ語: <span lang="kg" xml:lang="kg">Mvonda Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *クランゴ語: <span lang="nku" xml:lang="nku">Mɪɪ ye kꞷ Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ウォロフ語: <span lang="wo" xml:lang="wo">Dinaa rey Takaxiro Karasawa.</span> *フラニ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="ff" xml:lang="ff">Mi waray Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *フラニ語(アドラム文字): <span lang="ff" xml:lang="ff" dir="rtl">𞤃𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤴 𞤚𞤢𞤳𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤑𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤢𞤱𞤢.&rlm;</span> *バサ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="bsq" xml:lang="bsq">Ní mu Tàkáhíɖɔ̀ Kàɖàsáwà ɖáɓáùn.</span> *バサ語(バサ文字): <span lang="bsq" xml:lang="bsq">𖫐𖫭𖫰 𖫔𖫪𖫲 𖫡𖫧𖫱𖫑𖫧𖫰𖫤𖫭𖫰𖫞𖫨𖫱 𖫑𖫧𖫱𖫞𖫧𖫱𖫒𖫧𖫰𖫛𖫧𖫱 𖫞𖫧𖫰𖫔𖫧𖫰𖫪𖫱𖫐𖫵</span> *ヨルバ語: <span lang="yo" xml:lang="yo">Mo yóò pa Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *イボ語: <span lang="ig" xml:lang="ig">Aga m egbu Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *ヴァイ語: <span lang="vai" xml:lang="vai">ꘋ ꗪ ꕚꕪꔦꖄ ꕪꕟꕢꕎ ꕘꕌ꘎</span> *バンバラ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="bm" xml:lang="bm">N bεna Takahirɔ Karasawa faga.</span> *バンバラ語(ンコ文字): <span lang="bm" xml:lang="bm" dir="rtl">ߒ ߓߍߣߊ߬ ߕߞߊߤߌߙߐ ߞߙߊߛߊߥߊ ߝߊ߬ߜߊ.&rlm;</span> *マニンカ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="man" xml:lang="man">N di Takahirɔ Karasawa faa.</span> *マニンカ語(ンコ文字): <span lang="man" xml:lang="man" dir="rtl">ߒ ߘߌ߫ ߕߞߊߤߌߙߐ ߞߙߊߛߊߥߊ ߝߊ߰.&rlm;</span> *メンデ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="men" xml:lang="men">Nga Takahilɔ Kalasawa waalɔ.</span> *メンデ語(キカクイ): <span lang="men" xml:lang="men" dir="rtl">𞡸 𞡅𞠁𞡨𞠼 𞠁𞠷𞠯𞠉 𞠉𞠣𞠼</span> '''ナイル・サハラ語族''' *カヌリ語: <span lang="kr" xml:lang="kr">Takahiro Karasawa cezǝsko.</span> *ノビーン語: <span lang="fia" xml:lang="fia">ⲧⲁⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲟ ⲕⲁⲣⲁⲥⲁⳣⲁⲅⲁ ⲫⲁ ⲫⲁ̄ⲓ̈ⲓⲗ.</span> *マーサイ語: <span lang="mas" xml:lang="mas">Áár Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *フール語: <span lang="fvr" xml:lang="fvr">Ká áláŋ Takahiro Karasawa-sí awu.</span> '''コイサン諸語''' *ナマ語: <span lang="naq" xml:lang="naq">Tita ge Takahiro Karasawaba nî ǃgam.</span> *チュワ語: <span lang="hio" xml:lang="hio">Chi na Takahiro Karasawa ǀgoo.</span> *クン語: <span lang="ktz" xml:lang="ktz">Mí ǃhún Takahiro Karasawa.</span> *コン語: <span lang="nmn" xml:lang="nmn">N̄ ń bà àhn qáje Takahiro Karasawa.</span> '''孤立した言語''' *バスク語: <span lang="eu" xml:lang="eu">Takahiro Karasawa hilko diat.</span> *アイヌ語(仮名): <span lang="ain" xml:lang="ain" style="word-break: keep-all;">唐澤貴洋 クライケ。</span> *アイヌ語(ラテン文字): <span lang="ain" xml:lang="ain">Karasawa Takahiro ku=rayke.</span> *ニヴフ語樺太方言: <span lang="niv" xml:lang="niv">Ни Такахиро Карасава хуид.</span> *ニヴフ語黒竜江方言: <span lang="niv" xml:lang="niv">Ни Такахиро Карасава хуныдь.</span> *ブルシャスキー語: <span lang="bsk" xml:lang="bsk" dir="rtl" style="font-family: 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'IranNastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">تاکاہیرݸ کاراساوا اݵسقنچم.&#x061C;</span> *シュメール語: <span lang="sux" xml:lang="sux">𒁹𒅗𒊏𒊓𒌋𒀀𒋫𒅗𒄭𒊒𒉌𒄤𒂗</span> *エラム語: <span lang="elx" xml:lang="elx">𒁹𒌑𒁹𒋡𒊏𒊓𒌋𒀀𒆪𒋡𒄭𒊒𒅕𒄬𒉿𒈠𒀭𒆠</span> |} |} </div></div> == 余談 == *[https://krsw-wiki.org/ 唐澤貴洋Wiki]において初めて製作された記事は「唐澤貴洋殺す」である。 == 脚注 == <references /> == 関連項目 == *[[犯行予告]] *[[爆破予告]] *[[ジャスティン・ビーバー]] *[[殺害予告弾丸ツアー]] *[[唐澤貴洋殺す掲示板]] *[[カラコロ工房]] 2d975db91da57fc4e0481db59138e9b3d1642c26 0 61 95 2022-12-24T13:11:14Z WerteWesten 9 Created page with "Rückblick auf 2022, der zeigt aus was für verlogenen Versagern das Regime in Deutschland besteht. Link auf youtube.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulQSF6d13GI Wird bes..." wikitext text/x-wiki Rückblick auf 2022, der zeigt aus was für verlogenen Versagern das Regime in Deutschland besteht. Link auf youtube.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulQSF6d13GI Wird bestimmt bald gelöscht, von unserer korrupten Regierung und ihren Vasallen. c270655a46a1feef6c14de657f7f2c1340ba736f 96 95 2022-12-24T13:42:05Z WerteWesten 9 wikitext text/x-wiki Rückblick auf 2022, der zeigt aus was für verlogenen Versagern das Regime in Deutschland besteht. Link auf youtube.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulQSF6d13GI Wird bestimmt bald gelöscht, von unserer korrupten Regierung und ihren Vasallen. ==Video== [[File:Die_größten_Flops_und_Lügen_2022-mein_ganz_spezieller_Jahresrückblick_ulQSF6d13GI.webm |caption]] 51ee69f188dcd708b9468d12761156d55e661312 97 96 2022-12-24T13:43:28Z WerteWesten 9 wikitext text/x-wiki Rückblick auf 2022, der zeigt aus was für verlogenen Versagern das Regime in Deutschland besteht. Link auf youtube.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulQSF6d13GI Wird bestimmt bald gelöscht, von unserer korrupten Regierung und ihren Vasallen. ==Video== [[File:Die_größten_Flops_und_Lügen_2022-mein_ganz_spezieller_Jahresrückblick_ulQSF6d13GI.webm|caption]] 991f25076084da0eca8d647518dc331be5f1f64c 99 97 2022-12-24T17:21:22Z WerteWesten 9 /* Video */ wikitext text/x-wiki Rückblick auf 2022, der zeigt aus was für verlogenen Versagern das Regime in Deutschland besteht. Link auf youtube.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulQSF6d13GI Wird bestimmt bald gelöscht, von unserer korrupten Regierung und ihren Vasallen. ==Video== [[File:Die_größten_Flops_und_Lügen_2022-Jahresrückblick.webm|caption]] 564c6f5c3e080542702e50e424443d6325fc82ee 6 62 98 2022-12-24T14:17:37Z WerteWesten 9 wikitext text/x-wiki da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 1 63 100 2023-04-30T17:15:21Z Sdgdgfh 11 Created page with "Other recipe : Add a finger of concentrated sulfuric acid in the bottle before putting the essence with a good finger of oil up to three-quarters, close hermetically. The oil..." wikitext text/x-wiki Other recipe : Add a finger of concentrated sulfuric acid in the bottle before putting the essence with a good finger of oil up to three-quarters, close hermetically. The oil is there so that the flaming mixture burns slower than the flame. Next, prepare buffers with a chlorate-sugar mixture: Mix sodium chlorate (total weed killer no longer on sale) with icing sugar (take icing sugar well). The best performance is obtained by mixing 2/3 icing sugar, and 1/3 chlorate by weight. Put a handful of your chlorate-sugar mixture in a soup plate. Add water until it becomes liquid without more. Take a Velcro strip or equivalent. Cut it into ribbons of about two centimeters by ten. Soak them in your plate of chlorate-liquefied sugar mixture. When they are well soaked, which is quick, dry them on a series of stretched wires (no hot air hair dryer, cold friends). Around each bottle, put two rubber bands in case one of them breaks during use. The person(s) carrying the bottles MUST NOT be the same person(s) carrying the chlorate-sugar tapes. That way, if she falls, there won't be any drama. Otherwise, the bottles break, and the sulfuric acid comes into contact with the chlorate-sugar mixture of the ribbons which ignite immediately, causing the cocktails to burn. Before throwing a cocktail, the pitcher shakes the bottle vigorously enough so that the sulfuric acid and the essence mix well (this is why the bottle must not be completely filled). Then and only then, we slide a chlorate-sugar ribbon under the elastic. Launch the cocktail. The bottle breaks when it hits the ground. The acid comes into contact with the chlorate-sugar which then "spontaneously" ignites and the gasoline begins to burn. There, it was my recipe, I found it on the Internet, I was not very good at throwing, so I took bottles of beer, which were less heavy. To bring them, I used my moped (sports bag, front luggage rack, we didn't know about safety), there was no question of getting caught when arriving by public transport. 2a52df9353ed30d9371207e214b9d654ab8f9fee